And Shchors biography

He was an officer of the tsarist army, but after the October Revolution he supported the Bolsheviks and was elected commander of the partisan detachment acting against the German invaders in Ukraine. Subsequently, Shchors rose in the Red Army to the post of commandant of Kyiv and the division commander, participating in battles with the Petliurists. In Soviet times, he was often called "Ukrainian Chapaev." He fought with German invaders and nationalists in Ukraine during the Civil War.

Tsarist officer Nikolai Shchors was born on June 6 in the village of Snovsk Chernihiv province. His father was a native of Belarus. In various sources, we can find references to both the peasant and proletarian origin of the future red commander. Nicholas's father tried to improve his life and gain a new social status. He became a driver on the railway, but still formally treated the peasant estate by origin.

Also on the topic “Treasure of trial and errors”: how the ideological formation of the Red Army took place exactly the years ago the text of the first Soviet oath for fighters of the Red Army was officially approved. This step laid the foundations by Nikolai early lost his mother, but maintained close relations with relatives on her line. The brother of Schors Casimir, according to biographers, will play an important role in the life of Nikolai in the future.

In their family, they generally believed that tuberculosis is some kind of tribal curse. Therefore, Nikolai himself referred to the issues of life and death with a certain share of fatalism. From here, perhaps, he will have a tendency to live every day as the last, special courage. He did not believe that he was destined to die on the battlefield. But Vera in fate played a cruel joke with him, ”said Vasily Tsvetkov.

In the year, Schors graduated from a parish school. He could get a job in a depot with his father, but he was drawn to further studies, which his father did not have enough funds. The way out, according to biographers, prompted Uncle Casimir. He told the guy about military-feldsher schools, in which half-siro and the son of the former soldier Nikolai’s father, in his youth, managed to serve in the army, could count on his studies for the state account at the full boarding house.

As a result, Shchors successfully passed exams to the Kyiv military-feldsher school. Shchors wanted to get into people. And this became a motive for admission, ”said Vasily Tsvetkov. Shchors graduated from school in the year. The paramedic certificate did not give him the right to enter the university, although he then dreamed of a doctor’s career. In addition, for the fact that the state paid him training, he was obliged to work out in the army for six years.

Nikolay Shchors Gettyimages. However, the first world war made adjustments to the life of the young paramedic. He was sent to the Vilna Military District, and there they attributed to the artillery division, which was stationed by the border with East Prussia. Since the beginning of the year, the unit has participated in active hostilities. Nikolai established himself well at the front, and the authorities invited the young man to become an officer.

In the documents, Nikolai was transported the date of graduation from the military-feldsher school for a year so that he had enough experience to receive further education, and sent him to the school of warrant officers. In the year he was produced in the second seconds. However, immediately after the increase, he had to leave the system: doctors found tuberculosis from him.

For eight months, a young officer spent in a hospital bed. The disease retreated. Nevertheless, at the end of December, Shchors was commissed. Red commander Nikolai returned to the small homeland. The power just changed there. Shchorsa as a former tsarist officer wanted to arrest, but Uncle Kazimir came to his aid. From his youth, he was fond of revolutionary ideas, and before the start of the First World War he even ended up in exile in Siberia.

He enjoyed authority among local Bolsheviks and was able to defend his nephew. Soon Nicholas himself ended up in the ranks of Soviet activists. Many local residents, including Shchors, caused indignation. Nikolai joined the partisan self -defense detachment and, as an experienced man in military affairs, was elected his commander, ”Vitaly Zakharov, professor of MPSU, said in a conversation with RT.

There the partisan unit was dissolved. Nikolai returned to the idea of ​​obtaining a higher medical education, but did not manage to begin to implement it. The newly created Communist Party of Ukraine moved to rebel activities in the territory occupied by the Germans, which was formally considered the "power" of the hetman Pavel Skoropadsky. Shchorsa’s military experience was in demand.

Later, meeting with him more than once under different circumstances, I was convinced that Shchors was born for a partisan war. Brave, resourceful, able to influence others, he was an outstanding organizer, ”Vladimir Karpenko quotes the characterization that his head in partisan activity of the tambourines gave Schorsa.Schors in the status of the authorized Central Military Revolutionary Committee began to form from the former partisans the 1st Ukrainian Revolutionary Regiment, named after the associate of Bogdan Khmelnitsky-Ivan Bogun.

The Soviet authorities understood that soon a full -scale war would unfold in Ukraine. Schors at an accelerated pace drove his unit, turning yesterday's partisans into fighters of a regular army. Nationalist agitators penetrated from the territory occupied by the Germans of Ukraine, trying to undermine discipline, to provoke among the Red Army dissatisfaction with the difficult conditions of the service.

However, Nikolai managed to cope with problems, gaining, according to historians, more and more popular among his fighters. In the fall of the year, the Bogunovsky regiment entered the brigade, the command of which was also entrusted with Shchorsu. The Red Guards of Kyiv are participants in the battles with the troops of the Central Rada. Civil war. After the end of the First World War, RIA Novosti was among the first Soviet units that entered the Ukraine previously occupied by the Germans.

The German units retreated, and the hetman Skoropadsky was deposited, but the Soviets had a new opponent - Simon Petliura, who proclaimed himself by the Ukrainian ruler. The nationalist units obeying him tried to take control of Ukraine. In battles with the Petliurists, Shchors proved himself as a competent commander of a large army unit. Nikolai participated in the liberation of Chernigov, Fastov and Kyiv.

In February, he was appointed Kyiv commandant and took up the solution of topical problems, in particular the struggle against the city of banditry who had overwhelmed the city. Subsequently, Schors led the 1st Ukrainian Soviet Division, which freed Zhytomyr, Vinnitsa and Zhmerinka from the Petliurians. At the Kyiv, Petliur's formations and the White Guard units came at the same time. Shchors headed the South Red Division of the Red Army, which defended the Korosten railway junction, through which there was an evacuation of Soviet institutions from Kyiv.

According to the official version, he was shot dead by the Petliurian machine gunner. Over time, according to Vitaly Zakharov, alternative versions of the death of a red commander appeared. According to one of them, Shchors was shot on the orders of Leo Trotsky, who allegedly did not like the excessive independence of the commander. However, the historian considers this assumption to be illogical, since it would be much easier not to appoint Schors the commander of the division.

The demolition of the monument to Nikolai Shchorsu in Kyiv Gettyimages. Nicholas began to be called "Ukrainian Chapaev." According to Vitaly Zakharov, not all documents about the Red Commander have been preserved due to the civil war, so there are white spots and inaccuracies in the biography of Shchors. He possessed the talent of a military leader and authority among subordinates, which allowed him to effectively use the social elevator that arose during the Civil War.

Today, the Ukrainian authorities are even afraid of the memory of him, because in Kyiv the heroes of the heroes were erected by the Petliurians whom he beat. Recently, a monument to Shchors was even demolished in Ukraine, because he served as a reminder that a huge number of Ukrainians during the Civil War voluntarily fought against Petlyura in the ranks of the Red Army, ”Sakharov summed up.

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