Godunov biography

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. In the era of his reign, a number of progressive innovations and reforms that strengthened the state and autocratic power were introduced. The portrait of Boris Godunov, however, is associated with his name tragic events: great hunger, strengthening of serfdom, troubled time, many bloody reprisals, including the murder of two sovereigns - Ivan the Terrible and Fedor Ivanovich.

Pushkin’s literary genius turned him into a child’s criminal, from whom subjects turned away and pursued “Bloody Boys in the eyes”. In fact, there is no evidence of the king’s involvement in the death of the heir to the throne. Childhood and family Boris Godunov was born in the year in the family of the landowner Fedor Ivanovich, nicknamed Krivoy, who had estates near Vyazma and clan land property in Kostroma.

According to one version, he was a descendant of the Ordyn military leader of the couple, who served in Moscow with Prince Ivan Kalita, according to another, more likely, according to historians, came from the Kostroma boyar Dmitry Grain. Boris's mother was called Stepanida Ivanovna. At the end of X she took tonsure, and in M ​​she was no longer alive. Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich puts on Boris Godunov a gold chain in their family was also the eldest son Vasily, he died in G.

in the second half of the 16th century, Uncle Boris occupied a fairly high position at court, and Godunov was already entering the royal chambers. He became a competent young man, but he did not master the scripture of the book written by apostles and prophets, therefore it was considered poorly educated. The path to the top of power after the death of Fyodor Ivanovich Godunov in the year Uncle determined his nephew in the personal repressive guard of the autocrat - the oprichnaya corps, where he became close to the king’s favorite, the infamous Malyuta Skuratov.

In Boris, he was related to him, married with his daughter Maria. Malyuta Skuratov contributed to the rapid advance of Skuratov’s son -in -law in the service. He participated in military campaigns in the retinue of Tsarevich Ivan, in the queen friend at the wedding of Ivan IV, in - Shurin, Tsarevich Fedor, earned the court rank of Kravchy who gave the sovereign food and drinks, and at the age of 28, a relatively early waryness.

When the heir to the throne was the husband of his sister Irina after the death of Ivan, the eldest son of the sovereign, the high position of Godunov was strengthened even more. He became an adviser to the king and a participant in all his affairs. Boris Godunov Boris possessed a unique property of an extremely cautious and examined courtier. He managed to turn different difficult circumstances in his favor, avoid mistakes, show wit and remain a particularly close to the autocrat who did not endure the fools for a long time.

It was not only beneficial to be next to him, but also very dangerous, given the changeability of the steep moral of the formidable sovereign. He was a very God -fearing person, deprived of the desire for higher power and had poor health. In connection with these circumstances, a regent council developed around him, where Boris also entered, who had a great influence at court.

Boris Godunov is informed of his election to the kingdom of possessing the art of political intrigue in perfect art, he soon defeated all the rivals who dreamed of performing the fate of the state, including the head of the boyar Duma Ivan Mstislavsky, the nephew of Skuratov Bogdan Belsky, the uncle of the Tsar Nikita Zakharyn-Yuryev, the military leader Ivan Shuysky, and the authorities concentrated the authorities In their hands.

Being actually the head of government during this period, Godunov made a lot of important for the country. He managed to achieve the consent of Constantinople to the institution of the Patriarchate in Rus'. The first head of the autocephalous Orthodox Church was the Moscow Metropolitan Job, a faithful supporter of the policy pursued by Boris, who played an important role in his justification from accusations of the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry in the year.

The king’s adviser sought to overcome the devastation and extreme ruin of a number of territories of the country. In the conditions of the flight of the population from places most affected by the disasters, he organized the census, attaching peasants to a certain landowner, and determined the term for the search for those who escaped at 5 years. He facilitated the position of the communities and at the same time ensured the growth of revenues to the treasury, spreading the duties of paying taxes on “white settlements”.

Russian kings. Boris Godunov that appeared that appeared allowed him to initiate large -scale construction. In his era, defensive structures were built in the historical region “Wild Field” for protection from the Crimean Tatar raids, a powerful line of defense, towers and walls of the White City around Moscow. He took care of the safety of shipping on the Volga, increasing the volume of foreign trade through Arkhangelsk, encouraged the development of Siberia.

His efforts were founded by the domestic outpost - Tomsk, the Smolensk Kremlin was erected - a stone fortress wall in the place of the old wooden - to protect the western borders. Thanks to the talent and mind of the domestic “Lord Protector”, as the Queen of England Elizabeth I called it under a peace treaty, which laid the end of the Russian-Swedish war of the GG.At the top of the authorities, King Fedor died in the year, who had no offspring.

There were proposals to elect his widow Irin, but she refused to get married to the kingdom and announced her intention to leave in the nun. As a result, the Zemsky Cathedral dwelled on the candidacy of Godunov, who had long successfully ruled the country on behalf of the former autocrat. Patriarch Job and the Moscow people ask Boris Godunov to the kingdom on the throne, he continued his rather wise policy for the good of the state, introduced many progressive undertakings.

In particular, he concluded a twenty -year -old truce with the Commonwealth, founded the first almshouses in the history of the state, welcomed the printing, began to call for the Russian service of overseas merchants, doctors, industrialists, other specialists and for the first time to practice gifted young people to study in Europe. The new autocrat even tried to create his university, but the realization of this project was prevented by the clergy that feared heresy.

After lean gg. The situation was not saved by the help organized by power, the distribution of bread. Nature seemed to resist the reign of Boris, rumor has gone that the king was not pleasing to God. The excitement, out of a major uprising of cotton, the government managed to suppress. Hunger in Moscow during the time of Boris Godunov, however, a new problem arose - rumors that Tsarevich Dmitry is alive.

For a magically saved son from the seventh marriage, Ivan the Terrible was betrayed by an impostor, a former slave of the cousin Godunov Grigory Otrepyev. With the support of the King of Poland Sigismund in the year at the head of the 3,000th troops, he moved to Moscow, almost without meeting resistance in the way. At the beginning of the year, False Dmitry forces were defeated by government troops and retreated to Putivl, a fortress in the southwestern borders of the state.

According to contemporaries, she was a very ambitious and cruel woman who had the “heart of Semiramida” and dreamed of reaching the highest power. In some annals, it was recorded that it was she who poisoned King Fedor I. Maria - the first wife of Boris Godunov, the eldest son of the couple died in infancy. In the year, after a long treatment of the wife, they had a daughter Ksenia and after 7 years - the son of Fedor.

Contemporaries spoke of him as a well -educated and talented young man. Boris Godunov with children death has already staggered in the year in the year. He rarely appeared in public, became suspicious and excessively pious. There were even rumors that he had lost his firstborn due to the fact that he ordered him to carry the blessed to the temple of Basil and drink holy water every day.

The death of Boris Godunov in the year the summer tsar suddenly died according to the official version due to the apoplexic stroke of the stroke, by unofficial - was poisoned. Relatives of Godunov were waiting for a tragic fate. After his death in April, Fedor Borisovich entered the throne, but less than 2 months of reign was killed - together with his mother was strangled by supporters of False Dmitry I.

Ksenia Godunov, who captured the throne of False Dmitry, made his concubine, and later exiled to the monastery. Boris Godunov: The latest news and articles.