Biography of the Sultan of Mahmud

Memory Biography of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmoud II distinguished himself during his reign to carry out several progressive reforms, and also contributed to the exacerbation of relations between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt, whose policy was conducted regardless of the Sultanian government. The portrait of Mahmud II about the childhood of the future ruler is not known so much. The boy was born in the summer of the year in the Sultan Palace of Topkan in Istanbul.

Being the youngest son of Abdul-Hamid I-Go Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mahmoud was brought up surrounded by other children, numerous brothers and sisters. His mother was the seventh wife of the Sultan - a native of the Caribbean islands. Somehow the girl traveled by sea, she was captured by African pirates nomads. It was brought to the Ottoman Empire as a living product and sold in the Algerian market.

The reign when Mahmoud was a child, his father led the country, he lived in recluse and was away from public affairs. The man survived the war with the Russian Empire, but 4 months after the Russian conquest, Ochakov, died of a stroke. The impetus for his fall was the excitement in Serbia and Wallachia, this is not the first time to show the weaknesses of the power of the Sultan.

The war continued with Russia. And a year later a new rebellion began, as a result of numerous bloodsheds on the orders of Mahmoud II, Mustafa was killed, and he became the Ottoman Sultan. So at the age of 23, the story of his many years of government appears in the biography of a man. The weakness of the Ottoman Empire was in its political and military sides, which, in the opinion of the new ruler, demanded reform on the European model, which could become the only salvation of the state.

Mahmoud decides to support Selim's policy. The first thing Mahmoud does is carry out military reform and reorganizes the Yanchar corps, which at that time formed the basis of the imperial troops. And since they showed their failure during several wars, the Sultan simply destroyed their corps, and in return created the "victorious army of Muhammad." Makhmud II before the reform in clothes, as many then believed, he did this at the wrong time, since the new army did not have the necessary experience and discipline for the end of the war with Russia and Greece.

And then the ruler is forced to engage in equipping the troops with the necessary weapons and his training, for this he invited good European instructors. Historians note the contribution of the Sultan to the domestic policy of the state. The man strove for the Europeanization of the Ottoman Empire, with him, the local population began to enter into furniture and situation, and the first newspaper of Ottoman Turkey began to be produced.

To obtain Western education, young people were sent to study abroad, and the European appearance was gradually being introduced by the power of the law into the appearance of people. Mahmud personally chose uniform vestments for the appearance of people in public places during the Muslim holiday of Ramadan, introduced costumes of European cut and for the people of the state.

And if the joint feasts of men and women could not pass before his coming to power, then after the adoption of new laws, this rule was excluded. After the reform, Mahmoud II took place not only in the appearance of the country. Mahmoud also dealt with the problems of secular education. It was with him in the Ottoman Empire that general education, military and professional educational institutions began to appear.

At the same time, attempts were made to create a system of Turkish media and develop the printing industry. In addition, the transformations were also aimed at strengthening the central government, as well as to combat the universality of the heads of provinces and the exclusion of bribery by representatives of the authorities. General and criminal legislation also underwent positive changes.

In addition, weakened prohibitions on the import of alcoholic beverages and their sale. All these reforms and innovations often caused negative responses from all social strata, which periodically poured into the uprising. And this is not surprising, because often they were contrary to moral values ​​and the usual way of life of the Ottoman people. Despite the efforts of the Sultan, the country continued to endure defeats in hostilities.

The portrait of Mahmud II was gradually losing the Ottoman Empire and the previous independence in issues of foreign policy. In a political and economic plan, the country fell apart due to military defeats. The treasury decreased, the land fund was reduced, this led to an increase in tax oppression. In addition, the reign of Mahmud is filled with battles and the loss of territories important for the country.

In the Ottoman-Saudi war, he opposed the Wahhabian dynasty, Muhammad Ali Egyptian, who was a military leader of the Sultan, returned the enmity to the power of the Ottomans. The Russian-Turkish war of the years ended not so good for the Sultan. The map of the Ottoman Empire under Mahmoud II, upon its completion, drew up a Bucharest Peace Treaty, as a result of which Moldova and Bessarabia were taken from the Turks.And the Adrianopol world ended the next war of Russians and Ottoman in the year, but again contained unprofitable conditions for the latter.

During the reign of the Sultan, after the Greek War for Independence, they also lost Greece, which many powers of Europe helped. In addition, Egypt acquired independence and was no longer related to Istanbul. The governor of Muhammad Ali came out of the subordination of Mahmud, he wanted to create his own empire, and then only Russian troops helped the Ottoman Empire. Personal life like other Sultans of the Ottoman Empire, the personal life of Mahmoud was saturated.

Among wives and concubines, the man had 18 women who, together, gave birth to 39 children of 19 sons and 20 daughters. Many of them died in childhood and youth, only 2 sons and 5 daughters survived until adulthood. One of them, Mikhrimim-Sultan, married at 24 years old, and in the year gave birth to her son's wife. However, immediately after the birth, the woman, like her newborn, died.

Mahmoud II, if we talk about the appearance of the Sultan, it is worth noting its slight growth and mediocrity in the features of the face, which often in those years was reflected in its portraits.

At the same time, the man was distinguished by strong will and high intelligence. He was secretive, had patience, tried to fulfill the set targets. At the same time, the Sultan was interested in the European way of life, and he did not have passion for religion. Death over the years of reign, Mahmoud was addicted to abuse of alcoholic beverages. Over time, this began to destroy the health of a man and lower his performance, increasingly caused internal rebellions and foreign policy defeats.

And the last years of the ruler’s life, his complete inaction was noticeable as the head of the empire. The Mahmoud II mausoleum against the backdrop of addictions in the Sultan began to develop diseases that the doctors could no longer cope with. The man died in the year, the cause of death was pulmonary tuberculosis and cirrhosis of the liver. The memory of Russian television began the show of the series "Sultan of my heart" directed by Kerem Chakiroglu.

Against the backdrop of Istanbul, a love story unfolds, which meets a lot of difficulties and problems in its path. The daughter of the Russian ambassador Anna, working at the Embassy of the Russian Empire, makes an acquaintance with Sultan Mahmoud II. Being the initiator of the introduction of educational reforms into the regime of his country, the man is impressed with the mind and knowledge of a pretty girl, so he invites her to work as a teacher for her children.

At first, the official’s daughter refuses, but nevertheless agrees under the pressure of other people. Ali Ersan Duru in the role of Mahmoud II in the series “Sultan of my heart”, having spent some time in the Sultan Palace, a young girl understands that she falls in love with Mahmud. However, in her way, Anna meets many problems. Numerous harem inhabitants perceive the girl as an rival, and the children of the Sultan refuse to obey the teacher from another country.

The plot presented in the film is fictional, since among the concubines and wives of the Sultan there have never been representatives of the Russian Empire. The role of the protagonist, the Sultan, was played by the Turkish actor Ali Ersan Duru, the role of Anna’s girlfriend went to Ukrainian Alexander Nikiforova.