Biography of Tatishchev historian

About the University Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, the founder of historical science in Russia, geographer, statesman. He graduated in Moscow an engineering and artillery school. He participated in the Northern War, carried out various military-diplomatic instructions of Tsar Peter I. In the years, the manager of state plants in the Urals, the head of the Orenburg expedition, the founder of the Yekaterinburg, Orenburg, Orsk and Stavropol-on-Volga.

In the years - the Astrakhan governor. Born in Pskov in the family of the landowner, a representative of the impoverished branch of an ancient princely kind. At the age of seven, he was accepted to the court of Ivan V Stolnik. After the death of Tsar Ivan, the yard leaves. Already in his youth, he became one of the close associates of Peter I. He graduated from an engineering and artillery school in Moscow and began military service in the Azov Dragoon Regiment.

He participated in the siege of Narva, was wounded in the Battle of Poltava, went on an unsuccessful Prussian campaign in his studies in Germany studied engineering, mathematics. With the civil service he was engaged in the preparation of geographical maps, with which his serious classes of history began. Subsequently, without leaving public service, he was engaged in self -education.

Without getting along with the omnipotent breeders of the Demidovs, who did not want to obey the law, Tatishchev left the Urals. B was sent to Sweden “for some secret affairs” - familiarization with the state of mining and hiring masters. Then he headed the monetary office, was the head of the Orenburg and Kalmyk commissions. In Tatishchev, being a convinced monarchist, he actively opposed the attempts of the "supreme" to limit the power of Anna Ivanovna.

Tatishchev completed his service career in the post of the Astrakhan governor, where, like in all positions, he strove for the rule of law, the protection of merchants, and enlightenment. I stayed in the public service for 42 years. In the city, it was during this period that he creates his “Russian History”, which he considered to be the preparatory materials to the new parts of the book covered the period of the 17th century.

In addition to this fundamental work, he compiled the first encyclopedic dictionary “Russian Historical, Geographical and Political Lexicon” in Russia, and opened such historical sources as “Russian Pravda”, “Judicial Code G. For many years, he collected annals that formed the basis of his personal archive. One of the first to address the auxiliary historical disciplines - chronology, genealogy, heraldry, etc.

he also created works on the geography of Siberia. The first gave the natural -historical justification to the border between Europe and Asia along the Ural ridge. Vasily Nikitich twice headed a large -scale case on organizing the Ural factories. The result of activities in the Urals - 36 metallurgical plants, 45 were built according to his plans after death. In every city in which Tatishchev was in, he laid school.

For our city, Vasily Nikitich did a lot: organized an expedition before building the city, organized the construction itself. In the year, on his initiative, the first Russian-Kalmyk school was opened. On June 2, a monument was erected to him, the general, the governor, on June 2, the relatives of Vasily Nikitich, who live in various corners of Russia and abroad, came to the solemn opening.

Tatishchev did a lot to develop economic, legal and philosophical research. The philosophical views of Tatishchev are presented in his works “The conversation of two friends about the benefits of sciences and schools” and “spiritual my son’s spiritual” is the subject of philosophical and scientific knowledge the person “The main science is so that a person can recognize himself.” In general, Tatishchev’s worldview position in these works and in his history coincides with the ideas of education.

Tatishchev prepared the first Russian publication of historical sources, introducing into scientific circulation the texts of the Russian Truth and the Judicial Code of the year with a detailed commentary, laid the foundation for the development of ethnography, source studies in Russia, and compiled the first Russian encyclopedic dictionary. Tatishchev’s works contain many historical news based on some of the non -preserved sources.

For the first time in Russian historiography, Tatishchev made an attempt to identify patterns in the development of society, to justify the causes of state power. Having abandoned the point of view that Tatishchev acted as a rationalist connecting the historical process with the development of “Undesciation” for all “God's thought” in explaining historical events. Of all the forms of public government for Russia, Tatishchev gave a clear preference to autocracy.

For the first time in Russian historiography, Tatishchev gave a general periodization of the history of Russia: the dominance of sovereignty, a violation of sovereignty, and the restoration of matingled by Tatishchev on history were not accepted unambiguously. A number of historians, for example, N. Karamzin condemned him for an insufficiently critical attitude to historical sources.

However, according to S. Solovyov, the merit of Tatishchev before historical science is that he was the first to begin historical research in Russia on a scientific basis.Tatishchev died in Boldino on July 15 26