Biography of the 19th century

Alexander I his father was Emperor Paul I. The birth was during the reign of his grandmother, Catherine the Great, who had difficult relations with Alexander's father. Immediately after birth, the empress took her grandson from her parents and decided that she herself would educate him and make him an ideal emperor. The main mentor of the young heir was the Swiss Lagarp, who gave him a good education of the Western model.

Initially, Alexander even believed in creating an ideal, humane society. He was favorably treated by the ideas of the French Revolution, wanted to help the Poles deprived of his statehood, and he treated the Russian autocracy with a high share of the skepticism. However, time has put everything in its place. On the night of March 11 to 12, Paul I was killed as a result of the palace coup.

Alexander I became the new Russian emperor. He was heavily experienced by his father’s death, and guilt tormented him all his life. The domestic policy of Alexander I, the domestic policy of Alexander I at first was aimed at correcting the mistakes made during the reign of his father. After all, the main reason for discontent was the deprivation of the privileges of the nobility, and he immediately restored these rights.

During this period, domestic policy was liberal in nature. First of all, all those who fell into disgrace at Paul I received an amnesty.

The king allowed to freely go abroad, censorship was weakened, and a foreign press again appeared in the country. Under Alexander I, a large -scale reform of public administration is carried out. He creates an indispensable advice - an organ that could discuss and even cancel the decrees of the emperor. Colleges were replaced by ministries, at the head of which the responsible persons stood up.

And the created Cabinet of Ministers became the main administrative body of the empire. An equally important place in the politics of Alexander I occupied the peasant issue. Giving privileges to the nobility, he made great efforts to facilitate the situation of the Russian peasantry. The decree of the year allowed merchants and philistines to buy free lands to organize economic activity.

In fact, this decree destroyed the centuries -old monopoly of the nobility to land ownership. In the year, “free stoopers” appeared in the country, that is, the landowner could make a serf person free for ransom. True, such a deal could be carried out only with mutual consent. Under Alexander I, projects of granting freedom to the peasantry were also developed, but, as you know, they remained only on paper and came to life in the year.

The reform of public education was not by attention. The emperor understood that the state catastrophically lack qualified personnel. The new education system was divided into four continuity of the steps. Local universities stood at the head of each training district, and the university already provided personnel with personnel in all levels of educational institutions.

Under Alexander I, five universities and a large number of gymnasiums and schools were opened. The foreign policy of Alexander I foreign policy of Alexander I is primarily associated with the Napoleonic wars. Almost the entire period of the reign of Alexander Russia fought with France. Napoleon won a crushing victory here. The defeat in this battle was completely left on the conscience of Alexander I, who did not listen to the advice of experienced Russian commanders, including M.

The next defeat of the Russian troops near Friedland led to the conclusion of the Tilsit world. Russians and French divided dominance over European territories. Russia was forced to join the continental blockade of England. In the future, Russia is gradually recovering from its defeats. Its power is growing. In the war - Russian troops are selected from Sweden Finland. During the war against the Turks, Russian troops capture Moldova and Wallachia, and the Russian fleet under the command of Senyavin smashes the Turkish fleet in the Aegean Sea.

In the year, Napoleon asks the hands of the sister of Alexander Pavlovich - Anna, but receives a refusal, which also contributes to a deterioration in relations between the two countries. In June, the Patriotic War began. In this war, the emperor’s direct participation in the planning and conduct of hostilities was minimal. Mikhail Kutuzov was appointed commander of the Russian army, who with honor fulfilled his duties.

Alexander saw his mission in delivering Europe from Napoleon's tyranny. It is generally accepted that Alexander I died in Taganrog in the year. Death came very quickly, which gave rise to a large number of rumors. For a long time, the people went through the legend that a completely different person was buried in Taganrog, and the emperor continued to wander around the country in the image of a hermit.