Shmelev biography is briefly very
Father, Sergei Ivanovich, a native of the peasant environment, became a merchant, but earned not on sale, like many, but took construction contracts. The family was well provided, while everyone was deeply believers, observed many rituals. The mother, who was educated at the Institute of Noble Maidens, instilled her son's interest in reading. However, the writer recalled that in the house he did not see other books except the gospel.
Subsequently, many religious ideas were reflected in the works of Ivan Sergeyevich. The first book by his book, Shmelev considered the “Book of a lively and colorful word” - the language of lamb, shoemakers, scorchs, tailors - all those who lived in the yard and gave many words, “A lot of indefinite feelings and experience”. After the death of his father, the orphanages are six children.
Ivan was only 7 years old then. Mother had to lease the third floor of the house, which allowed the boy to determine the boy in a private boarding house. However, from the age of 11 he had to study in the first Moscow gymnasium, and he recalled with a shudder about this period of his life. The teachers did not work out with the teachers, and two years later he changed his educational institution.
The future writer managed to finish the Moscow gymnasium number six perfectly, but half a bell was not enough to receive a gold medal. Having entered Moscow University for Jurisprudence, Shmelev begins to write, and his first famous work is the story “At the Mill”, published in the journal “Russian Review”. Having visited the Valaam Monastery, he publishes a collection of stories, but royal censorship does not miss many critical remarks.
The redone version of the works does not cause a special response among readers, and the young man leaves a literary path for 9 years. Immediately after graduating from the university, he receives the position of assistant to the sworn attorney and works as a tax inspector. The years spent in the provinces allow you to find out the village, as well as the customs and customs of provincial bureaucracy and small nobility, which will further determine the problems of many works of the failed lawyer.
In the year, already having experience of publications, Shmelev decides to be a writer and resigns. Before his emigration in the year, he had more than 50 books and the publication of works in 8 volumes. The most popular work among readers of the beginning of the twentieth century was his story “Man from a restaurant”. In this work, the author returned to the traditions of Pushkin and Dostoevsky in the image of a “little man”, which even in the “lackey” position of the waiter retains dignity and is an order of magnitude more morally and than the worldly wiser of those who are forced to serve.
Knowing the hardships of folk life firsthand, the writer with approval perceives the February revolution of the year, but the October Revolution does not accept for the destruction of the foundations of statehood and the lack of morality. Together with his wife and son who fought during the First World War in the tsarist army, Shmelev leaves for Alushta, where the family acquires a house and a plot of land.
But the son of Sergei, believing in an amnesty, declared by the Red Army for the participants of the Wrangel troops, was arrested, taken away in an unknown direction, and later shot. Parents learned about his death only in exile, being in Paris at the invitation of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. It is there, far from the Motherland, who deprived him of all the most expensive, Shmelev gives free rein to feelings and creates his famous epic novel “The Sun of the Dead”, describing the whole inhumanity of the revolutionary events of the year and the horrors of Bolshevism.
The author’s definition of this work as an epic should not mislead readers who are unfamiliar with the text of this book. The point is not on the scale of reflected events, but in the fact that the private experience of an individual person, presented in a diary form, is summarized to the experience of the nationwide.
Shmelev uses the techniques of artistic generalization unusual for the traditional epic novel, characteristic more for lyrical prose than for large epic forms, but the writer still achieves a feeling of globalness, the universality of the early twentieth century in Russia. At the end of the x, nostalgia for the ancient Russian way of life begins to manifest in creativity, works appear that describe the Christian traditions lost by Soviet Russia.
The most famous is the novel "Summer of the Lord." The author wrote that in this book you can see the “face of Holy Rus'”, which he wears in his heart and remembers from childhood. That is why the narrative in the novel is on behalf of the child - six -year -old Vanya, the son of a wealthy Zamoskvoretsky contractor. The reader gets the opportunity to judge previous times thanks to the subjective perception of the world through the eyes of the child.
In the process of growing up the hero and the acquisition of life experience, this perception changes, which allows the reader to look from the side of many things that are familiar to an adult. This technique was often used by writers, since the child is more acute and directly worries everything that happens to him, and the world of adults in his perception sometimes receives an unexpected assessment and image.After the death of his beloved wife in the year, Ivan Sergeyevich hit religion even more, yearning for his homeland.
Remembering a long trip to Valaam, he tries to recreate those sensations, travels to the monastery near Paris. On one of these trips with him there is a heart attack, and he dies, having survived his wife for 14 years. In Soviet times, the works of Shmelev were considered anti -Soviet and were prohibited to print. During the time of perestroika, the writer's work finally received public recognition, and in recent decades Ivan Shmelev is one of the most famous and printed authors of the Russian abroad, without knowledge of whose work it is impossible to make a fairly complete idea of the literature of the line of centuries.