Wikipedia Chapaev Biography

Libyschensk, Ural region - starting the Red Army, participant in the First World and Civil War. Cavalier of three St. George Crosses and one medal. The cavalier of the Order of the Red Banner Vasily Chapaev was born on January 28 on February 9 in the village of Budaika, Cheboksary district of the Kazan province now the territory of the former Budaika almost in the center of the city of Cheboksary, in the family of a peasant, which, according to legend, from Mordovians Erzya.

Vasily became the sixth child in the family of Ivan Stepanovich Chapaev from the story about the origin of the surname "Chapaev", located in the Museum of Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev, the city of Balakovo, recorded according to the memoirs of Mikhail Chapaev - the brother of the noddiva: the grandfather of Vasily Ivanovich - Stepan Gavrilovich was written in the documents, was written in Gavrilov, already a second marriage, already a second marriage.

After the birth of the son of Ivan, he was married to a local Chuvash peasant woman. In or year, Stepan Gavrilovich and his comrades contracted to load Brevna. In the artel, a tramp of Venyaminov asked them to them. He was accepted. The eldest in the artel was Stepan Gavrilovich. As the eldest, he usually shouted to his workmates at work: -The, take it! Tvil, cling, which means "catch, catch." There, for example, they say “Chigan” instead of “gypsies”, “chap” instead of “heron”, “charm” instead of “scratch”, etc.

When they finished the work, the contractor did not immediately give money for work. The money was supposed to receive and distribute as the elder Stepan Gavrilovich. The old man went for a long time for money. Venyaminov ran along the pier, searched for Stepan. Forgetting his name, he asked everyone: - Did they see Gryazevsky Gryazevo - another name of the village of Budaika, an old man, beautiful, curly, says everything "chapai"?

Then, when his grandfather received his earned money, he found Venyaminov, gave him earnings, treated him. And the nickname "Chapai" remained with Stepan. The nickname "Chapaevs", then becoming an official surname, was fixed behind the descendants. The legendary starting itself signed: "Chepaev." Some time later, in search of the best share, the Chapaev family moved to the village of Balakovo of the Nikolaev district of the Samara province.

Ivan Stepanovich identified his son in a local parish school, whose philanthropist was his wealthy cousin. There were already priests in the Chapaev family, and the parents wanted Vasily to become a clergyman, but life would order differently. In the fall of the year, Vasily was drafted into the army and sent to Kyiv. But already in the spring of next year, for unknown reasons, Chapaev was fired from the army to the reserve and transferred to the warriors of the militia of the first category.

According to the official version, due to illness. The version of his political unreliability, due to which he was transferred to warriors, is not confirmed by anything. Before the World War I did not serve in the personnel army. He worked as a carpenter. For a year, Chapaev and his family lived in the city of Melekess now Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk Region on Chuvashskaya Street.

Here he had a son Arkady. With the outbreak of war, on September 20, Chapaev was called up for military service and sent to the reserve infantry regiment to the city of Atkarsk. Chepaev got to the front in January. He fought in the Mm Belgorean Infantry Regiment of the Infantry Division in the 9th Army of the Southwestern Front on Volyn and Galicia. Was wounded.

In July, he graduated from the training team, received the title of junior non -commissioned officer, and in October - the eldest. He ended the war with the rank of sergeant. For the manifested courage, he was awarded to the St. George Medal and the soldier Georgian crosses of three degrees. He was elected commander of the infantry reserve regiment standing in Nikolaevsk.

In this position, it was led by the acceleration of the Nikolaev district zemstvo. He organized the county Red Guard of 14 detachments. He participated in the campaign against General Kaledin near Tsaritsyn, then in the spring of the year in the campaign of a special army to Uralsk. On his initiative on May 25, a decision was made to reorganize the Red Guard detachments in two regiments of the Red Army: them.

Stepan Razin and them. Pugachev, united in the Pugachevsky brigade under the command of Chapaev. Subsequently, he participated in battles with Czechoslovaks and the People’s Army, from which Nikolaevsk repulsed, renamed the brigade in Pugachevsk. From November to February - at the Academy of the General Staff. Then - the Commissioner of the Internal Affairs of the Nikolaev district.

Since May, the brigade commander of a special Alexander -Gai brigade, since June - the head of the rifle division, who participated in the Bugulminsky and Belebeye operations against the army of Kolchak. Under the leadership of Chapaev, this division took Ufa on June 9, and July 11 - Uralsk. During the capture of Ufa, Chapaev was wounded in the head of a burst from the airline machine gun.

Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev died on September 5, as a result of the deep raid of the Cossack detachment of General Borodin fighter with 9 machine guns and 2 guns, who was crowned with an unexpected attack on the bayonets well-guarded and in the deep rear of the city of Libischensk, now the village of Chapaev, the West Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan, where the headquarters of the division was located.The circumstances of the death of the Chapaev division, who was torn from the rear and suffered heavy losses, in early September was located in the area of ​​Libishchensk, and in Libischensk itself were the headquarters of the division, the supply department, the tribunal, the roar and other divisions with a total number of almost two thousand people.

In addition, there were about two thousand mobilized peasants-extractors in the city who did not have any weapons. The city’s protection was carried out by a division school in the number of people - it was these active bayonets and were the main force of Chapaev at the time of the attack. The main forces of the division were at a distance of km from the city. The Lbitchensky raid of the detachment of General Borodin began on the evening of August 31.

The air intelligence of 4 airplanes did not report this to Chapaev, apparently due to the fact that the pilots sympathized with white after the death of Chapaev, they all flew to the side of the whites. At dawn on September 5, the Cossacks attacked Libishchensk. Panic and chaos began, part of the Red Army soldered on Cathedral Square, was surrounded and captured there; Others were captured or killed when stripping the city; Only a small part managed to break through to the Urals.

All prisoners were executed - they were shot in parties in a person on the shores of the Urals. Among the divisional commissar Baturin, who was captured after the battle and the shot, tried to hide in the stove of one of the houses. The chief of staff of the Ural Army Belykh, Colonel Motornov, describes the results of this operation: Libischensk was taken on September 5 with a stubborn battle, which lasted 6 hours.

As a result, they were destroyed and captured: headquarters of the division, instructor school, divisions. Four airplanes, five cars and other military booty were captured. According to the documents, a special platoon was allocated for the capture of Chapaev Borodin under the command of the subhorusha Belonokozhkin, who, led by the captured Red Army soldier, attacked the house where Chapaev was lifted up, but missed him: the Cossacks attacked the Red Army man who appeared from the house, taking him for Chapaev himself, while Chapaev jumped out of the window and managed to run away.

During the flight, he was wounded in the hand of Belonokozhin. Having gathered and organized the Red Army soldiers who, in a panic of those who fled to the river, Chapaev organized a detachment of about a hundred people with a machine gun and was able to throw Belonokozhkin with him, who had no machine guns. However, he was wounded in the stomach. According to the story of the eldest son of Chapaev, Arkady, the two Red Army-Hungarian Red Army laid the wounded Chapaev on the raft made from the half of the gate, and crossed the Urals.

But on that shore it turned out that Chapaev died of blood loss. The Hungarians buried his body with his hands in the coastal sand and threw reeds so that the Cossacks would not find the grave. This story was subsequently confirmed by one of the participants in the events, who in the year sent a letter to the daughter of Chapaev from Hungary with a detailed description of the death of the commander.

The investigation conducted by white also confirms these data; According to the captured Red Army men, "Chapaev, leading a group of the Red Army soldiers to us, was wounded into the stomach. The wound was so severe that he could not lead the battle after that and was crossed on the boards through the Urals, the Urals died from the wound to the stomach." The place where Chapaev was allegedly buried, now flooded - the riverbed has changed.

Alternative versions of the death version of the surviving Chapaev, Professor Alexei Litvin reports that in the years in Kazakhstan, a certain person worked as a carpenter, whom many even the Gapaev veterans considered the survivor Chapaev, who "sailed, was picked up by steppe Kazakhs, sick of abdominal typhoid, after which he lost his memory." The role of Chapaev in the history of the Civil War, some authors express the opinion that the role of Chapaev in the history of the Civil War is very small, and it should not be mentioned among other famous figures of the time, such as N.

Lazo, G. Kotovsky, if not for the myth created from it. According to other materials, I played a large role in the zone of the Southeast Red Front in the capture of such provincial centers in the defense of the troops of Admiral Kolchak as Samara, Ufa, Uralsk, Orenburg, Aktobinsk. In the future, after the death of Chapaev, the operation of the Rifle Division were carried out under the command of Kutyakov in the Soviet-Polish war.

Personal life in the year Chapaev met with summer Pelageya Metlina, the daughter of a priest, and in the same year married her. Together they lived for 6 years, they had three children. Then the First World War began, and Chapaev went to the front. Pelagia lived in his parents' house, then left with the children to a co-consumer neighbor. At the beginning of the year, Chapaev drove into his native places and intended to divorce Pelagea, but was satisfied with her who took her children and returned them to the house of his parents.

Soon after, he agreed with Pelagia Kamishkertseva, the widow of Peter Kamishrtsev, a friend of Chapaev, who died from the wound during the battles in the Carpathians of Chapaev and the Kamishkestsy promised each other that if one of the two was killed, the survivor would take care of the family of each other. Klintsovka at the artillery warehouse of the division, after which Kamishkertseva changed Chapaev with the head of the artillery warehouse Georgy Vostozhevinov.

This circumstance was revealed shortly before the death of Chapaev and inflicted a strong moral blow to him.

In the last year of his life, Chapaev also had novels with a certain Tanya-Cossack, the daughter of the Cossack colonel, with whom he was forced to part under the moral pressure of the Red Army soldiers and his wife, Commissioner Furmanov, Anna Nikitichny Steshenko, which led to a sharp conflict with Furmanov and served as the reason for the recall of the division from the division before the death of Chapaev.

Chapaev’s daughter Claudia was sure that it was Pelageya Kamishrtseva who destroyed him. She talked as follows about the circumstances of the family drama: Dad once comes home - looks, and the door to the bedroom is closed. He knocks, asks his wife to open. And she has George.