Writers of the 20th century biographies

At the early stage, he wrote romantic short stories and novels, permeated by the spirit of freedom and self -development. Gorky later became interested in the revolutionary movement and communist teaching, which began to be reflected in his "proletarian" works. However, the rapprochement of Gorky and the Bolsheviks took place gradually and not without disagreement. So, at the beginning of his “proletarian” path, the writer was passionate about the ideas of “God -building”, combining Marxist teaching and religious faith.

Subsequently, Gorky adopted Soviet power, finally moved to the USSR, where he showed himself as a public figure. In recent years, Maxim Gorky has been a frank Stalinist, for which he was criticized by other figures of Russian culture. Alexey Tolstoy is a Russian and Soviet writer, a representative of the ancient noble family of Tolstoy. He created works of different genres, among them fairy tales, science fiction novels, historical novels.

Being a representative of the noble nobility, although it was disputed by some researchers and contemporaries, Alexei Tolstoy managed not only to get comfortable in the Soviet country, but immediately became the favorite of Stalin. The writer was awarded various awards, a number of state posts and, of course, the “elite” standard of living, which was not very different from the pre -revolutionary noble.

Mikhail Bulgakov - Russian and Soviet writer. A number of his works are bizarrely combined by realism, science fiction and mysticism. Despite the fact that his works did not coincide with the “General Line of the Party”, Bulgakov still lived, worked and published in the USSR, Stalin even liked his work. The features of many works of Bulgakov are explained by his biography: by education he was a doctor, and his father was a well -known Orthodox theologian in pre -revolutionary times.

Ivan Bunin is a Russian writer, one of the first Russian laureates of the Nobel Prize of G. before the revolution painted a Russian village, created lyrical paintings of a provincial noble life. His other works are stories and novels about love, which partly were autobiographical. One of his deepest pre-revolutionary works was the story “Mr. from San Francisco”, affecting the themes of social inequality and helplessness of people in the face of death.

After the revolution, he emigrated and lived in France, becoming an active participant in Russian emigration. Boris Pasternak is one of the largest Russian poets and writers of the twentieth century. He was a laureate of the Nobel Prize, but was forced to refuse it because he experienced the injury of the Soviet government and official Soviet writers. In his work, Pasternak was torn between the traditions of world literature, including the heritage of the Silver Age, and the official Soviet ideology.

In the end, the poet was removed from the domestic literary life. Alexander Belyaev-Russian and Soviet writer-science fiction. The first Soviet writer, fully focused on science fiction. In his works, aged in the genre of classical “tough” science fiction, the problems of science that were relevant for that time: the creation of an “amphibian person”, the possibility of transplanting the head and life of the brain outside the body, anabiosis and its consequences for a person, genetic engineering, etc.

In his last novel “Ariel” he created the image of a hero who conquered airspace and learned to fly without any devices. Alexander Belyaev predicted many technological discoveries: underwater video, underwater farms and settlements, towing satchels for swimmers, conquering space and landing to the moon. At the same time, Belyaev tried to create his works “ideologically sustained”, which is why they have propaganda cliches of the ruthlessness and parasitism of the capitalists, heavy tests of positive characters, etc.

This somewhat reduced the significance of the writer in the following years. Evgeny Zamyatin - Russian and Soviet writer. The creator of one of the very first anti -utopias in the world is the novel "We". In this book, written in the year, the writer anticipated the horrors of the totalitarian state, which was soon built in the USSR. Other works of Zamyatin are less known, which, however, had a significant impact on Soviet writers.

Mikhail Prishvin is one of the most famous Soviet “naturalists” writers. His works touched on the themes of nature and the relationship with it of man. Since the xs, Prishvin was seriously engaged in photographing, because he believed that photographs allow him to better convey the meaning and beauty of his works. Mikhail Sholokhov is a Soviet writer, Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature.

He is the author of epics, telling about the fate of the Don Cossacks during the establishment of Soviet power. He also wrote works dedicated to the Great Patriotic War. Alexander Tvardovsky - Russian Soviet writer. Most known for his poems, written in the “folk” spirit, using folklore elements.At the same time, the works of Tvardovsky are distinguished by a firm ideological orientation, which changed depending on who was sitting as a secretary general.

So, in the poem “For Far - Dal”, written in the Khrushchev era, the poet is indulging in I. Stalin, although before that he wrote whole laudatory poems in honor of the “leader of the peoples” who dispossessed and repressed his family. The most fame by Twardowskoom was brought by the epic poem Vasily Terkin, filled with perky soldier's humor, cheerful spirit, confidence in the victory of the Red Army and the imminent end of the war.

Soviet and Russian writers of the second half of the twentieth century in the history of Soviet literature The second half of the twentieth century is a special period. The country has developed a completely developed "industrial" society consisting of educated urban residents. In different ways, a culture from the “capitalist world” penetrated in different ways, and the communist ideology and propaganda experienced an increasing crisis.

In the second half of the twentieth century, there is a heyday of Samizdat and the dissident movement. One of the features of Soviet, as in many respects and the world literature of this period, is an increased interest in the mass public in science fiction. This is due to the beginning of the cosmic era, and the development of scientific and technological progress, and certain phenomena in social and political life.

The writer of the work of Arkady-and Boris-Strugatsky one of the largest Soviet fantasy writers. They created their own “universe” - the utopian world of noon. So they saw a bright communist future, in which they naively believed until a certain moment. Since the seventies, however, the Strugatsky were disappointed in communist teaching. Their books of this period are written in gloomy and desperate tones, in them the communist state appears in the form of htonic horror, and the existence of a person in it is described as absurd and meaningless.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn is a Soviet writer and public figure. He devoted a significant part of his time to the struggle against the communist regime. Part of his works wrote in conclusion. He began to publish for the first time during the Khrushchev "thaw", but then he was again forbidden to print. In his works, he tried to follow the “classical Russian” traditions, including in terms of moral sending, while described in them the realities of the modern world.

Solzhenitsyn is the author of both stories and stories, as well as huge epic novels. Andrei Voznesensky is one of the most famous Soviet poets-“sixties”. In his verses, he reflected the realities of the modern world, often in an ironic spirit. He experimented with various forms of modern poetry, including one of the representatives of Soviet and Russian postmodernism. Also known as the author of texts for popular songs.

Genghis Aitmatov is the most popular Kyrgyz writer. In addition to literature, he was engaged in state activities - was the ambassador of the USSR, and then Kyrgyzstan in European countries. In his work, he combined realism, including “socialist” and mythological motifs, inserted myths, legends, parables into the narrative. Because of this, his works are permeated with deep philosophy, sometimes even mysticism.

His Peru also belongs to the fantastic novel “Tavro Cassandra”, dedicated to the problem of creating an artificial person. Vladimir Voinovich - Soviet and Russian writer and liberal public figure, dissident. In the year he was deprived of Soviet citizenship, so he lived in Germany. His works, most often satirical, were devoted to criticism of Soviet reality and the communist regime.

But there are more apolitical among them - for example, the novel "Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the soldier Ivan Chonkin." Voinovich is also one of the authors of the unique collective detective novel “The one who laughs” is laughing, eight more writers participated in the spelling. In the satirical anti -utopia “Moscow”, written in the year, Voinovich very accurately, on the verge of prophecy, predicted the events of Putin's Russia, starting from a year.