Makar Evsevievich Evseviev Biography

Marina Ledyaev on December 20, Makar Evsevievich Evseviev, is known as the first scientist and enlightener of the Mordovian people. But he is not always mentioned as a museum worker, although part of his biography was associated with the Kazan City Museum of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan. Here the wealth of his ethnographic knowledge was most clearly manifested.

The ethnographic department in the museum was created on February 1 during the general reorganization. Its first manager was an ethnographer - professor of Kazan University Makar Evsevievich Evseviev. According to his biographers, the museum "thanks to the tireless activity of the scientist, it becomes one of the largest storage of exhibits in the country, widely and multifaceted characterizing the life and culture of the multinational Volga region." Makar Evsevievich Evseviev was such a passionate, gifted and talented person that he succeeded not only in science, pedagogy, ethnography, but also in a museum business as a collector and creator.

Up to a year, there was no independent ethnographic exposition in the museum. Ethnographic items were scattered throughout all departments of the museum, so visitors did not have the opportunity to get an integral idea of ​​the peoples of the local region. Makar Evsevievich became the author of the first ethnographic exposition. Its advantage was the desire to classify exhibited items by various nations: “In the first branch, Russian things were placed; In the second - things of the Turkic peoples of Chuvash, Tatars, Kyrgyz, and others.

Visitors called the exhibition the "precious stone" of the museum. Museum employees, realizing that the ethnographic meeting requires replenishment, under the leadership of Evseviev began to organize trips to collect ethnographic objects. They laid the foundation for a large expeditionary work in the museum. In the year, the Central Muslim Scientific Collegium created a special commission to create a museum of the peoples of the East in Kazan.

Commission consisting of: B. Adler, a-k.

Gubaidullina, N. Dulsky, A. Enbaev, P. Radimov, M. Khudyakov and G. Sharaf, having familiarized himself with the material on ethnography, the history and art of the peoples of the East, found it necessary to form an exhibition of the culture of the peoples of the East, which could be the basis of it. The idea was well met by the Central Museum of the TASSR, the Board of the University, the Board of the Society of History, Ethnography and Archeology at the University, at the disposal of which was rich material.

The appeal to the population of the republic helped. The government of the republic has acquired several valuable collections - V. Smolin, N. Vysotsky, N. Thus, a rather large material was collected in August - January. By September, there was an opportunity to open in honor of the delegates of the first congress of councils of the Autonomous Republic of Tatar, Bulgarian, numismatic, book and Central Asian departments of the exhibition.

A week later, the departments of small nationalities and foreigners of Siberia were opened and, finally, a week later - the Chinese department. The exhibition worked in the premises of the university geographical office. The organization of the department of small peoples of the Volga region was taken by Evseviev. In this department, household items, hats, women's clothing of the four peoples of the Volga region were presented: Chuvash, Cheremis, Mordovians and Votakov, including two subjects - from the Evsevyev collection, including the costume of small groups of Erzyan villages in the Samara province, who moved here from the Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th century.

He acquired the remnants of this costume back. After the work of the exhibition, the museum acquired a collection of Mordovian clothes - Moksha, collected by Evseviev of four items - women's hats and a wedding towel, as well as objects of clothing of non -nizu dude and a wedding cap of meadow Marie. The exhibition of the peoples of the East was very popular. Over the first month of the exhibition, more than 10 visitors visited it.

However, the independent museum of the peoples of the East, created on its basis, operated only a year, and then its collection joined the funds of the Kazan Museum. Thanks to Evseviev, collections of the ethnographic department of the Russian Museum were created. The richest collection from the Assembly of Evseviev was in the Museum of Alexander III in Petrograd; There were about 15 different hats and costumes in it.

According to Belyzubov, he was collected for various museums of more objects of clothing, jewelry and life of Mordovians, Chuvash and Tatars. Yevseviev was appointed a member of the Committee on the Study of the Language and Ethnographic Cultures of the Peoples of the USSR, a member of the Scientific Committee on the Study of Mordovian Culture. He was awarded the title of the Hero of Socialist Labor of Documentary Confirmation of this fact - ed.

He created the conditions for working in Moscow. However, his plans were not destined: on May 11, at 3 hours 50 minutes, Evseviev died suddenly. In case of a large gathering of the people who came to pay the last debt to the teacher, scientist and enlightener, he was buried in the Arsky cemetery in Kazan. In February, at the request of relatives and representatives of the Mordovian community, his ashes was reburied in the memorial cemetery of the city of Saransk.On the site of the grave in Kazan is now Kenotaf.