Chukovsky childhood biography

The latest news biography, which gained the glory of the children's poet, Korney Chukovsky for a long time was one of the most underestimated writers of the Silver Age. Contrary to common opinion, the genius of the Creator was manifested not only in poems and fairy tales, but also in critical articles. The writer Korney Chukovsky, due to the non -parallest specificity of creativity, the state throughout the life of the writer tried to discredit his labors in the eyes of the public.

Numerous research work made it possible to look at the eminent artist of the arts with “different eyes”. Now the works of a publicist are read out both “old hardening” and youth.

Childhood and youth Nikolai Kornechukov The real name of the poet was born on March 31 in the northern capital of Russia-the city of St. Petersburg. Mother Ekaterina Osipovna, being a servant in the house of the eminent doctor Solomon Levenson, entered into a vicious connection with his son Emmanuel. In the year, the woman gave birth to her daughter Maria, and three years later gave the civil husband the heir to Nicholas.

The portrait of Korney Chukovsky, despite the fact that the relations of the offspring of a noble family with a peasant in the eyes of the society of that time looked like a egregious mezalliance, they lived together for seven years. The grandfather of the poet, who did not want to relax with a commoner, in the year for no explanation of the reason put the daughter -in -law on the street with two babies in his arms.

Since Catherine could not afford a separate housing, together with her son and daughter, she left for relatives in Odessa. Much later, in the autobiographical story “Silver Coat of arms”, the poet admits that the Southern City never became his family. In childhood, Korney Chukovsky in childhood of the writer took place in the atmosphere of devastation and poverty.

The publicist’s mother worked in a seamstress or laundress in shifts, but there was a catastrophically lacked money. In the year, the world saw the "circular about the cooks." In it, the Minister of Education, I. Delanov, recommended that the directors of gymnasiums accept only those children whose origin did not cause questions to the ranks of students. Due to the fact that Chukovsky did not fit this “definition”, in the 5th grade he was expelled from a privileged educational institution.

Korney Chukovsky in his youth in order not to wander around and benefit the family, the young man took up any work. Among the role that Kolya tried on himself, there was a newspaper, and a cleaner of the roofs, and the chief of the posters. At that time, the young man began to be interested in literature. He was read out by the adventure novels of Alexander Dumas, studied the works of Nietzsche and Engels, and in the evenings for the noise of the surf, he recited the verses of Edgar in.

The storyteller Chukovsky, among other things, the phenomenal memory allowed the young man to learn the English language so that he translated the texts from the sheet without once stammering. Then Chukovsky did not yet know that there were no pages in Olendorf’s self -appropriate, on which the principle of proper pronunciation was described in detail. Therefore, when years later, Nikolai visited England, the fact that local residents practically did not understand him incredibly surprised the publicist.

Journalism in the year, inspired by the works of beloved authors, the roots writes a philosophical opus. A friend of the poet Vladimir Zhabotinsky, having read the work from Crocking to Cork, carried him to the newspaper Odessa News, thereby putting the beginning of the summer literary career of Chukovsky. For the first publication, the poet received 7 rubles. For considerable money at that time, a young man bought a presentable look of a pants and a shirt.

Two years of work in the newspaper Nikolai, as a correspondent of Odessa News, was sent to London. Throughout the year, he wrote articles, studied foreign literature and even copied catalogs in the museum. Over the period of the business trip, eighty nine works of Chukovsky were published. Korney Chukovsky in the Oxford cap, the writer loved British aesthetics so much that after many, many years he translated the works of Whitman and Kipling into Russian, and also became the editor of the first four-volume Oscar Wilde, who, in an instant, acquired the status of a table book in all families loving literature.

In March, the writer moves from sunny Odessa to rainy St. Petersburg. There, a young journalist quickly finds a job: he sets up with a correspondent in the newspaper Theater Russia, where each issue publishes his reports on the viewed performances and read books. The publication was printed exclusively by the political satire, and among the authors, Alexander Kuprin, Fyodor Sologub and even Taffy were listed.

For ambiguous caricatures and anti -government works, Chukovsky was arrested. The eminent lawyer Gruzenberg managed to achieve an acquittal and after nine days to rescue the writer from a conclusion. Later, these works were scattered through the books: “Faces and Masks” year, “Futurists” year, “From Chekhov to the present day” year. In the fall of the year, the writer's residence was the cottage in Kuokkala the coast of the Gulf of Finland.

There, the writer was lucky to meet the artist Ilya Repin, poets Vladimir Mayakovsky and Alexei Tolstoy.Later, Chukovsky spoke about cultural figures in his memoirs “Repin. Memories »Year. At the invitation of the government in the year, Chukovsky, as part of a delegation of Russian journalists, again went on a business trip to England. Literature to M Nikolay returns to St.

Petersburg, where, accepting the proposal of Maxim Gorky, he enters the post of head of the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Chukovsky tried on the role of the storyteller while working on the Almanac "Firebird". Then he revealed the world a new line of his literary genius, writing “chicken”, “dog kingdom” and “doctor”. The novice writer Korney Chukovsky Gorky saw his colleague in his tales of great potential and invited Korney to “try my luck” and create another work for the children's application of the Niva magazine.

The writer was worried that he would not be able to release a good product, but inspiration himself found the Creator. It was on the eve of the revolution. Then, with a sick son, Kolya, the publicist returned from the cottage to St. Petersburg. In order to distract the beloved child from bouts of illness, the poet began to invent a fairy tale on the move. There was no time to work out the heroes and the plot.

The whole bet was on the fastest alternation of images and events, so that the boy did not manage to moan or cry. So the work “Crocodile” published in the year was born. After the October Revolution, Chukovsky travels around the country with lectures and collaborates with all kinds of publishers. In the X years, Korney writes the works “Moidodyr” and “Tarakanische”, and also adapts the texts of folk songs for children's reading, releasing the collections “Red and Red” and “Skok-Pink”.

Korney Chukovsky with a drawing to the "Aibolit" Roots ran around the publishers, not parting with proofs for a second, and followed each printed line. In the classic, everything turned out in such a way that at some point the writer himself believed that fairy tales were his calling. Everything changed after the critical article of Nadezhda Krupskaya, in which the revolutionary, who did not have children, called the creator’s works of the “bourgeois mate” and claimed that not only the antipolotical message, but also false ideals were disguised in the works of Chukovsky.

Korney Chukovsky at work after this was seen in all works of the writer in all works of the writer: in the “Mukha-Tsokotuha” the author popularized the individualism of the mosquito and frivolity of the fly, in the fairy tale “Fedorino Gorus” he glorified philistine values, in “Moidodyr” he purposefully did not voiced the importance of the leading role of the communist party, but in the main character of “Tarakaninya” Censors completely saw the caricature image of Stalin.

The persecution brought Chukovsky to the extreme degree of despair. Korney himself began to believe that no one needed his fairy tales. In December, a letter of the poet was published in the Literary Newspaper, in which he, renouncing old works, promises to change the direction of his work, writing a collection of poems “The Funny Collectiveist”. However, labor from his pen never came out.

The fairy tale of the war years “Odul Barmaley” was included in the anthology of Soviet poetry, and then deleted from there personally by Stalin. Chukovsky wrote another work “The Adventures of Bibigon” for the year. The story was printed in Murzilka, recited on the radio, and then, calling it “ideologically harmful”, forbidden to read it. Tired of fighting critics and censors, the writer returned to journalism.

In the year, he wrote the book “Living as Life”, in which he described “Diseases” that struck the Russian language. Do not forget that the publicist, who studied Nekrasov’s work, published the full works of Nikolai Alekseevich. The book of Korney Chukovsky Chukovsky was a storyteller not only in literature, but also in life. He repeatedly committed actions on which his contemporaries were not capable of due to his cowardice.

In the year, Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day of Ivan Denisovich” fell into his hands. Having become her first reviewer, Chukovsky convinced Khrushchev to print this work with Tvardovsky. When Alexander Isaevich became Persona Non Grata, it was Korney who hid him from the authorities in his second cottage in Peredelkino. Korney Chukovsky in the year began the process in the case of Joseph Brodsky.

Korney along with Marshak is one of the few who was not afraid to write a letter to the Central Committee with a request to release the poet. The literary heritage of the writer has been preserved not only in books, but also in cartoons. Personal life with the first and only wife Chukovsky met at the summer. The noble family never approved of Korney Ivanovich. At one time, lovers even planned to escape from the hated by both of Odessa to the Caucasus.

Despite the fact that the escape did not take place, in May the couple got married. Korney Chukovsky and his wife for a wedding with flowers came many Odessa journalists. True, Chukovsky needed not bouquets, but money. After the ceremony, the resourceful guy took off his hat and began to go around the guests. Immediately after the celebration, the newlyweds left for England.

Unlike Korney, Maria stayed there for a couple of months.Upon learning that his wife is pregnant, the writer immediately sent her to his homeland. Korney Chukovsky with his wife and son on June 2, Chukovsky received a telegram that his wife safely gave birth to a son. On that day, the feuilletonist arranged a holiday for himself and went to the circus.

Upon returning to St. Petersburg, the baggage of knowledge and life impressions accumulated in London allowed Chukovsky to very quickly become a leading critic of St. Petersburg. Sasha Black called him Korney Belinsky, not without malice. Already after some two years, yesterday's provincial journalist was on a short leg with all the literary and art bomon. The Kornei Chukovsky family, while the artist, traveled around the country with lectures, his wife raised children: Lydia, Nikolai and Boris.

In the year, Chukovsky became his father again. The daughter of Maria, whom everyone called Murochka, became the heroine of many works of the writer. The girl died in the year from tuberculosis. After 10 years, the youngest son Boris died in the war, and after 14 years, the wife of the publicist - Maria Chukovskaya, was gone.