George Gallpa biography

His settlement began in the first half of the 19th century, when this territory was bought by President Thomas Jefferson from France. The fertile lands and the soft climate of the Ayovs attracted farmers from neighboring areas there, and from the 10ths the dominant industry of Ayova has become the production of corn. The state was recognized by the center of the "corn belt" Corn Belt of the country; It is now often called the Food Capital of the World of the Food Capital.

Several families who founded at the beginning of the second half of the 19th century a settlement in a beautiful and convenient place for Ayova, decided to give the town the name of the third US President Thomas Jefferson, one of the authors of the country's constitution, a convinced supporter of the republican system and democracy. Initially, this caused a protest from the local post office, since in the neighboring district there was already a city with the same name.

Therefore, in the year the town began to be called New Jefferson New Jefferson. However, the word new did not take root, and in January of the year the settlement officially received the status of the city of Jefferson. When Gallup was born, in Jefferson there lived near a person; In religious and racial terms, the population was homogeneous - mainly the descendants of the first immigrants from England.

Since the x, residents have voted together for the Republicans. According to the guidebook of the beginning of the 20th century, when creating the city, its transformation was not planned into a large urban education, he was conceived as "a city in which it would be nice to live." During the childhood of Gallup, half a century after the founding of the city, people in it followed the written and unwritten Puritan norms: they worked a lot, went to church, highly appreciated education, tried to help each other and welcomed the person, including a stranger with a smile.

Since the resettlement to America, many members of the Gallov clan lived in New England, and we can only assume when and because of what circumstances the older generation of the family of George Gallpa found themselves in Jefferson. The reason for moving, apparently, was the accessibility in Aiova, which began to be settled by white immigrants only at the beginning of the 19th century, fertile land for farming, and time is most likely the last quarter of the 19th century.

He was a teacher, at one time - the director of the school, then - a successful businessman, was engaged in the sale of real estate. More than a thousand books were stored in his library, and he devoted his free time to reading and creating his own logic system. According to the memoirs of Gallp, his father would never have occurred to lie in his mind, to pervert the facts or be quiet.

He was a very life -loving, obligatory person, even in case of fatigue or illness. He loved his family. Most likely, at heart, he remained a farmer, loved agricultural work, pets, etc. He did not adhere to any hard line in politics, did not rush enthusiastically support the new leader, was very careful in estimates and conclusions. In his judgments, he was independent. He did not have a systematic education, but, according to his son, he admired the world of ideas, was a true intellectual and always resisted routine.

George Gallup recalled that his father "always stubbornly did not want to do anything as it was accepted." In the year, President William McCinley William McKinley was re-elected for a new term, but in September next year he was killed. The president of America was the young Theodor Roosevelt Theodor Roosevelt, which was very popular among the population.

The nanny began to call Little George Ted, the name took root, and later relatives, friends and many colleagues called him that. Such an unexpected “binding” of George Gallp to the Roosevelt family was random, but a sign of fate is also visible in this fact. Through the third century, the novice public opinion researcher George Ted Gallp successfully predicted the victory in the presidential election Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Dlano Roosevelt,, the distant relative of Theodore Roosevelt and at the same time her husband's niece.

Gallup's mother was a calm and kind woman, very religious; She explained to the children that happiness in life is achieved by hard work and honesty. All four children graduated from college, and this was the main joy and pride in her life; One of the main priorities of the population of Jefferson was education. Gallup idealized his father, who stimulated his intellectual activity, developed in him the ability to think about the future and who advised him to become a journalist.

But it was his mother who taught him to correctly evaluate her capabilities and strive for success in the chosen direction. A convincing illustration of dissimilarity to others, the non-triviality of the thinking of Gallpa-father is an unusual octagonal house, built by him at the beginning of the last century and preserved to our time. Such houses began to be built in America in the middle of the 19th century; This was justified by a number of economic and aesthetic reasons.

However, it cannot be said that such architecture was very popular. Klain R.Kline, who studied the history of octagonal houses, wrote to me that in America only a few thousand buildings of such an unusual shape were built. Even more surprising is that before this house, Gallup Sr. already had a house of such a configuration [1]. According to R. Klein, this is a unique case [2]. In July, this building under the name Gallup, George H.

The house was a farm, and when George was years old, his father bought several cows for him and his brother. The boys had to take care of them, milk, find buyers and deliver milk to them. The income was used to buy clothes and pay for study. When a national fame came to Gallpu in the year, the inhabitants of Jefferson recalled him as a boy from whom they bought milk.

Gallup later said that at school he was richer than his friends. There was even enough money to travel, in which they, when Teda was not even 10 years old, went with his brother together. In high school, Ted was a captain and playing coach of the school team in American football. An interesting photo document of the time when George Gallup graduated from school.

In the photo - an adult young man for years, the signature reads: “Ted, the president of the release of the year, the manager of the newspaper Krazy Kazett, the captain of the football and basketball teams of the year.” And below: “My motto: Don’t think about women, work hard and rejoice at life! Most likely, each of the school comrades Ted, studying the history of America, saw in it the representatives of his family.

In the city, named after President Jefferson, they could not but study his philosophy and the documents created by him. In addition, the city of Jefferson was in those years and continues to remain the center of the district named General Nathaniel Green Nathanael Greene -, the hero of the war for independence - George Gallup, who has been familiar with the past of his family from childhood, most likely knew that his distant ancestors and ancestors of General Green lived in Dorset Dorset, that is, were in England, that is, were neighbors.

In the year, the first fifty books were received by the university library, and two years later it turned into one of the largest scientific libraries of the United States with world significance with a collection of rare books and archives, including Abraham Lincoln, - during the second half of the XIX century, the University of Natural History appeared, the university first granted equal rights to students Both sexes, created a school for the preparation of lawyers, opened a department of medicine, which soon turned into one of the largest centers for the training of doctors in the country.

In the year, the university began to appropriate the degree of bachelor's degree to its graduates, and two years before the end of the century - Doctor of Sciences PhD. In the year, the first department of pedagogy in the United States arose there. In his speech on the occasion of receiving the highest award of Iowa, Gallup recalled that his father, having read one of his school works, advised him to choose a career as a journalist.

By the beginning of the 10ths, land prices fell sharply, the father’s incomes were significantly reduced and the financial situation of the family became very difficult. But by the time Gallp, Gallp, the attitude towards themselves and the life that the Americans cultivated: independence in judgments and behavior, confidence in their abilities, determination, aggressiveness in business, persistence and optimism had developed.

Gallup always earned money for his higher education himself. Many years later, he recalled that when he entered college in his wallet, there were six dollars, but at the end of his formation, he earned more than the president of the university [5]. Gallup received the College of Liblege of Liblege of Liblege Arts on September 26 - he was 18 years old - and graduated from February 1, having received a bachelor's degree of humanitarian sciences Bachelor of Arts.

In the same year, the Journalism School was opened at the university, and Gallup, who has not yet turned 22 years old, offered the teacher’s position there. He accepted it and at the same time continued to study at Graduate College College of the highest stage, specializing in psychology. The time of training in this college: February of the year is August of the year.

The transcript notes that the Major Gallup was applied psychology: on June 9, he received the degree of master Master of Arts and on August 23 - the degree of Doctor of Sciences doctor of Philosophy. In addition, two minoras are indicated: theoretical psychology Pure Psychology and the Economics economy. Thus, on the threshold of his flight, Gallup completed education, having the highest scientific degree in the country and possessing professional training in the field of psychology and economics.

There were still physical and military training - there were no exams for them. The American education system requires that the student, in addition to professional subjects, study a certain number of additional in its choice, giving it a general orientation in science and culture. Gallup chose the history of art, archeology, modern music and biology.Among the subjects he chose were also: English and American literature of the XVIII and XIX centuries, the creation and editing of texts of a general nature, an in -depth course on writing an essay and articles.

Gallup from his youth dreamed of becoming a journalist, so in his student years he studied a number of courses that prepared him for this profession: not only literature, but the history and theory of journalism, editing newspaper materials, and the rules for publishing advertising. The strong composition of university teachers of political sciences was the result of the line that was set by Benjamin Shambo Benjamin Franklin Shambaugh,, for four decades of the head of political sciences and who had been a political history, primarily Ayova.

The recently published book says that Shambo was little known outside Aiova, but at the beginning of the 20th century he was a key figure in the community of historians [6]. In the year, Shambo was one of the founders of the American Association of Political Sciences of the American Political Science Association, and the year by its president. Patrick was a philosopher who understood the role of psychology and the significance of the experiment in it; In the year, he created a psychological laboratory at Aiovsky University - the seventh in the country.

But he was not ready to lead psychological research at the university, and at his insistence, Sishor was invited for this. I will point out two core ideas of Gallup’s work, which, apparently, have grown up on the basis, cultivated by Patrick and a number of other aovo teachers. The first consists in the Gallovo interpretation of public opinion as an instrument of democracy, that is, a mechanism, the use of which normalizes the course of social development.

The second idea is a belief in the possibility of creating a tool for studying public opinion. Both of these instrumental principles were starting and leading in his practice of studying public opinion, and for the researchers of his work they become an instrument of knowledge of the activities of Gallup himself. Gallup listened to several courses in philosophy, including psychology with Professor Edwin Starbak Edwin Diller Starbuck, - a major scientist and an extraordinary person.

Starbak is considered one of the creators of the psychology of religion. He began to conduct research in this area under the influence of James in Harvard, where he entered the year. In the years, conducting polls, Starbak measured the religious experience of people and tried to consider it from the standpoint of personality psychology. In a classic region for psychology - testing of intelligence - Giles Murrel Ruch began his research, - whose work at the turn - received high recognition of specialists.

But already in those years when he taught Gallup the basics of testing - the rack had deep theoretical knowledge and significant experience of empirical research. So, by the middle of the x years, several of his books were published, containing the results of a study of the mental and physical development of schoolchildren, as well as intellectual factors determining the success of learning.

In the year, he published the results of measurements of the mental abilities of one and a half thousand graduates of Aiv schools. It cannot be ruled out that this experience of a mass examination was analyzed by him at lectures that Gallup attended. An analysis of the named work of the rachar allows us to make a conclusion about the approaches and methods that were studied by Gallp as part of the testing course.

A more complete idea of ​​the content of these lectures is given by the monograph by racha and Stodard, published in the year [7]. In addition to the methodology for measuring various properties of intelligence, a thorough description of the procedures for constructing psychological tests and the identification of their working properties is given. The content of this book is extremely important for our historical and biographical analysis, since it suggests what amount of knowledge and what ideas about psychological measuring instruments had Gallup at the beginning of his independent scientific activity.

Moreover, this course not only gave Gallup professional knowledge and skills, but also - most likely - formed the attitudes regarding the measurement of the properties of consciousness and laid the foundations for the style of his scientific activity.