Churchill Biography Gilbert

Cherchill A Life on Britain and Superblik: Churchill at the entrance to the Admiralty on the morning of September 4, the first full day of work in this department. On the circuit, the keys, including the key to the storage of documents, the right leg has a bag with a gas mask. His career is the theme of countless books and articles in which he is sometimes judged down, or even sharply.

I intend to give a balanced assessment based on his real thoughts, actions, achievements, beliefs and refuting many existing misunderstandings. A huge array of preserved lifetime materials allowed me to offer the reader an almost complete collection of facts about Churchill’s life, reproduce almost every episode to which he had to do with, to present his true intentions and actions, as well as his own words, arguments and thoughts.

I touched this topic in October G. by the time of my death in Randolf Churchill brought my father’s story to the beginning of the war G. I was asked to continue his work.

My own final volume ends with Churchill's death at the age of ninety. The official biography, as you know, reveals in detail the story of Churchill’s life on the basis of the five most important sources that I studied while working on this one -volume. Of these, I learned a lot of new materials, especially about the period from the earliest years of Churchill to the First World War.

The first of these sources is the own gigantic archive of Churchill, consisting of political, literary and personal correspondence, now stored in Churchill College in Cambridge. This private and public correspondence covers almost all ninety years of his life. The second is the papers of his wife Clementine, including hundreds of letters that her husband wrote to her all his life.

They are stored in Churchill's daughter, Lady Soams, and recreate Churchill's personality brightly and comprehensively. The third source-the State Archive-concludes the two terms of Churchill’s stay as the Prime Minister and his work in various ministries since December G. This array is in the State Archive in Kew and contains materials from the military government, negotiations between the chiefs of the Second World War period, as well as documents related to his work in the ministries and the military council, a member of which he was in and GG.

The fourth source is private archives full or fragmentary, his friends, colleagues and opponents, those who have contacted him at different periods of his life. These materials can be found in many archives, libraries and private collections both in Britain and abroad. They show what impression he made on contemporaries, what they spoke about him in private conversations, indicate that some hated him, while others from the earliest years saw a person of exceptional qualities and the future prime minister.

The fifth source, which I created for thirty years, are the personal memoirs of family members of Churchill, his friends and contemporaries. These are the memoirs of people of various, including pilots who taught him piloting before the First World War, officers who served with him on the Western Front in G. I was lucky enough to meet and get acquainted with his literary assistants to the pre -war and post -war years - with Maurice Ashley, Sir William Dikin and Denis Kelly, with Sir Herbert Gridi, who worked in him in his city As Churchill’s biographer, I was extremely lucky: I talked with his secretaries, including Kathleen Hill, who collaborated with Churchill in the city of Churchill's gloomy part of Cartwell's estate.

Grace Hamblin, who worked there from G. from these five sources took a lot of materials placed and commented in collections of documents accompanying each part of the multi -volume biography of Winston Churchill. In this one -volume, I wanted to present materials that would help readers independently evaluate Churchill's actions and his personality throughout his amazing career. Careers are extremely long, marked by numerous conflicts and contradictions, because he was a frank and independent person and, criticizing those who, in his opinion, were wrong, expressed without abode and used a lively, bright and intelligible language.

Churchill participated in political life for more than fifty years. Before becoming the Prime Minister, he occupied eight different posts in the government. By the time his deputy experience was fifty -five years of resignation after the second premiere. The range of his activity is unusually diverse. He received an officer rank under Queen Victoria and took part in a cavalry attack under Omdurman; stood at the origins of aviation development and learned to fly before the First World War; created naval aviation; actively introduced tanks into the army; He was engaged in the organization of air defense.

Churchill foresaw the creation of weapons of mass destruction, and in the last performance in parliament he already proposed to use the atomic bomb as a guarantee of deterioration and general disarmament.The amazing gift of Churchill to understand and foresee the development of events manifested itself from an early age. He deeply believed in his ability to contribute to improving the life of mankind.

His military service and natural ingenuity gave him a deep understanding of the nature of war and society. He possessed the courage, which manifested itself on the battlefields of the empire at the turn of the century, and on the Western Front in the city, he perfectly realized the horrors of war and its catastrophic consequences. Presenting in different periods the liberal or conservative parties, Churchill invariably remained a radical: he was convinced of the need for the active participation of the state in legislative and financial activities, in the social support of all citizens.

Among the various social reforms, in the legislative training of which he played a leading role, we can name prison reform, reform of the insurance system, state benefits to widows and orphans, the creation of a permanent body to resolve labor conflicts, the organization of state support of the unemployed, reducing the working week and improving labor conditions at factories.

He advocated the state health care system, expanding access to education, a superprofit tax and attracting workers and employees to participate in profit. In the first public speech in the city during periods of world tension, Churchill invariably acted as a supporter of reconciliation and coalitions. If possible, he always sought to avoid conflicts and confrontation.

In international affairs, he constantly searched for ways to resolve the claims of the loser and reconciliation of former enemies. After two world wars, he advocated the use of the power of the winners in order to make amends for the offenses of the vanquished and preserve the world. He was the first to introduce the word “summit”, then understood as a meeting of the leaders of the Western and communist world.

He did everything possible to organize such meetings in order to put an end to the Cold War. Among the agreements adopted as a result of negotiations, which he led patiently and thoughtfully, we can call constitutional settlements in South Africa and Ireland and the schemes for payments of military debts after the First World War. An insightful, reasonable and cautious politician, Churchill was always a supporter of bold actions.

One of his greatest talents was the exceptional possession of a word, a love of language, which allowed him to eloquently and accessible to state the most important things, to convince and inspire people. He possessed a wonderful sense of humor, was a spiritual, noble man and had adhered to liberal beliefs all his life. Knowing his ability to find compromises, the subsequent premieres often turned to him for help.

The rejection of dishonesty, injustice, discrimination - both in internal and in international relations - was the cornerstone of his beliefs. Churchill's social activity affected all aspects of the British domestic and foreign policy - from social reforms to organizing a meeting at the top after the Second World War. His star hour was the British management at the time when it turned out to be the most isolated, vulnerable and weak, when his courage, determination and faith in democracy were especially in demand by the country.

Martin Gilbert, Merton College, Oxford on January 23, Gratitude, I am grateful to everyone who for three decades shared his memories of Churchill with me. Those whom I quote generously devoted my time to me. My deepest gratitude for the most valuable advice and the provision of materials to Children Churchill - Lady Sarah Odli, Lady Soams and Randolf Churchill, my predecessor as a biographer.

In addition to those who shared memories with me, I thank everyone who gave me historical consultations or supplied additional documentary materials. The goiter is the director of the Harry Truman library in Missouri. Rosental, Chaz W. Seyer, John R. I am also immensely grateful to all of them. Helen Fraser, Laura Bidl and many other employees of the William Heinemann publishing house, who took part in the preparation of this book for the press, always provided me with help and support at various and sometimes difficult stages of production.

Literary editing and proofreading were expertly performed by Lisa Glass and Arthur Newhauser, Rachel Green helped in finding the facts, and Kay Thomson performed a huge amount of secretary duties. And as always, I am deeply grateful to my wife Susie for her contribution to every page of this book. Chapter 1 Childhood Winston Churchill was born in November, his mother, Lady Randolf Churchill, being in the seventh month of pregnancy, slipped and fell during the hunt in Blenheim.

A few days later, during a walk in a stroller, fights began. She was hastened to deliver to the palace, where in the first hours of November 30, her son was born. The majestic palace in Blenheima belonged to the grandfather of the newborn, seventh Duke of Malboro. On the paternal line, Churchill was a representative of the Higher British aristocracy.His family goes back to the first count Spencer and the outstanding military leader John Churchill, the first Duke of Malborough, who was commanded by the coalition of the armies, which defeated France at the beginning of the 18th century.

On the part of his mother, all his relatives are Americans. His grandfather, Leonard Jerome, who lived in New York, was a successful Birzhev Macler, financier and newspaper owner. A century earlier, his ancestors fought in Washington’s army for the independence of American colonies. Almost a year before the birth of Churchill, his father, Lord Randolf Churchill, was elected to the House of Commons a member of the parliament from Woodstock.

This small city, which Blenheim belonged, hardly totaled more than a thousand voters. He had a long tradition of sending members of the ducal surname to Westminster. In January, Lord Randolf became his personal secretary. A two -year -old boy with his parents and a nanny, Mrs. Everest, went to Dublin. When Churchill was four years old, in Ireland, who suffered from a strong crop failure of potatoes, unrest on national grounds, which led Fenya 1, broke out.

Once, when Churchill rode on a donkey, Mrs. Everest seemed to be approaching them a procession of feniya. But we all got scared to death, especially a donkey. He burst out and threw me to the ground. I got a concussion. That was my first acquaintance with the Irish question! Her task was to teach him to read and count. They distracted from interesting things that were beckoning to the children's or in the garden.

” He also recalled that the mother almost always approved the actions of governess. Fifty years later, Churchill will write about his mother: “She shone to me like an evening star. I gently loved her, but from afar. ”