Polonsky biography Presentation

Polonsky »Slide 2 The author of these lines from the song, which has long been considered folk, was born in the very center of Russia, in the provincial Ryazan. The mother of the future poet-Natalya Yakovlevna-came from the old family of Kaftarev, and the father was an impoverished nobleman who served in the office of the Ryazan Governor General Peter Grigoryevich Polonsky.

Yakov Petrovich, born in early December, was the eldest of their seven children. By the meeting of the Tsarevich in the walls of the gymnasium, Polonsky, on behalf of the director, wrote a poetic greeting in two verses, one of which was to be performed in chorus for the melody “God keep the king! In the evening, after a successful event with the participation of the heir to the throne, the director of the gymnasium arranged a reception at which the young poet met the author of the text of the new anthem - Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky.

The famous poet praised Polonsky's poems. Yakov Petrovich the day after Alexander’s departure was even awarded on behalf of the future king with gold hours. The praise of Zhukovsky strengthened Polonsky in the desire to devote life to literature. When Yakov was 13 years old, he was adopted in the first male gymnasium of Ryazan, who was one of the centers of the cultural life of the provincial city.

Slide 4 Many Moscow university acquaintances have become real friends for him for life. After graduating from the Ryazan gymnasium, the nineteen -year -old Polonsky entered the law faculty of Moscow University. Contemporaries have always noted amazing sociability, internal and external attractiveness, which the Polonsky was distinguished. Yakov Petrovich quickly acquired acquaintances among the most advanced figures of science, culture and art.

Slide 5 to the last university course, many Polonsky poems were successful with his comrades. With the help of friends, the first publications of Polonsky took place - in the journal “Domestic Notes” and in the form of a poetic collection “Gamma” of contemporaries, he first delighted the special gift to notice the elusive in nature: “It seems that he actually has a gift to hear the grass of Polonsky’s student years passed in constant need and poverty.

He had to earn extra money, giving private lessons and doing tutoring. Instead of the laid for four years, Yakov studied at the university a year longer, since in the third year he could not pass the exam in the Roman law of the law faculty Nikita Ivanovich Krylov. The plight became the main reason that at the end of the university in the fall of the year, Yakov left Moscow. Polonsky had a chance to get a job in the customs department in Odessa, and he took advantage of this.

In the spring of the year, he was offered a stationery position at the Caucasian governor Count Vorontsov, and Yakov left for Tiflis. Here he was in service up to a year. The impressions obtained in the Caucasus, the history of the struggle of Russia for strengthening the southern borders, acquaintance with the customs and traditions of the highlanders inspired the poet with his best verses, which brought him all -Russian fame.

Slide 6 during the period of residence in the Caucasus, Jacob was carried away by painting. The abilities for this type of art were seen from him while studying at the Ryazan gymnasium. But it was the Caucasian surroundings and landscapes that inspired Polonsky, he painted a lot and retained this hobby until the end of the days. Slide 7 in the city of readers met the release of the poet’s new book with joyful surprise: Polonsky in the verses seemed to have found wings, turning the bright, picturesque paintings of the Caucasus in front of lovers of poetry.

Requented by a new collection in Moscow. A friend of the poet prose writer G. Danilevsky wrote to Polonsky: “In Moscow, I was delighted for you! All Moscow is still applauding your verse, in the words of young Moscow literature, begins where Pushkin’s verse set his last letter! .. I don’t know what I love you, night - that’s why my peace is far away! This is the main difference between his poetry and the work of previous writers.

He does not tell, but draws, depicts the paintings of Georgian nature in each line -the observation of the artist, his sharp and well -aimed eye, a loving detail. ” The Caucasian poems of Polonsky are distinguished by truthfulness, the brightness of the image of morals and customs of local peoples, they breathe with inspiration and are deep in their content. These are not simple lyrical sketches, but reflections on life, about the role of poetry, transforming the inner world of a person, making the world more beautiful and spacious.

The magnificent nature of the Caucasus seemed to breathe a new life into Polonsky’s poetic work, and he himself felt it. Slide 9 is impregnable, caused by the mountains, you, the Caucasus, our warlike land-you, our city of Tiflis of the sultry-stone, bright Georgia Sun, goodbye! The soul, ready for the battles of everyday life, I carry a pass for the snowy pass. I passed Kazbek, I passed the cross - nearly Daryal.

I hear the Terek waves alarming in muddy foam on the stones noisy - the bell rings - and the reliable horses are rushed to the north .... In the city of Polonsky, learning about a serious illness of his father, leaves the Caucasus.His farewell poem “On the way from the Caucasus” is marked on June 10, Slide 10 in the year, Yakov Petrovich goes to St. Petersburg, where he expands the circle of his literary acquaintances and stubbornly works on new verses.

Another collection is published in the year, his poems willingly publish the best literary magazines - “Contemporary” and “Domestic Notes”, but fees cannot even provide a modest existence. He becomes a home teacher of the son of the St. Petersburg Governor Smirnov. In the year, the family of a senior official goes to Baden-Baden, and Polonsky goes abroad with them.

Yakov Petrovich travels a lot around Europe, takes drawing lessons from French artists, gets acquainted with many Russian and foreign writers and artists - in particular, with the famous Alexander Dumas. In the year, Yakov refused the post of teacher of governor's children, as he could no longer get along with their mother. Soon he met a famous literary philanthropist Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, who was just about to organize a new Russian Word magazine in St.

Petersburg. The count invited Yakov Petrovich to take the post of editor. Slide 11 a few hours before the birth of the first -born, the son of Andrei, Polonsky fell from the yeast and injured his leg, which made him cripple until the end of his life. Soon she fell ill with a typhoid and his wife died. A few months later their six -month -old son Andrei died. In Paris, the poet falls in love with the semi -Russian, semi -French - the daughter of the psalmist of the Orthodox Church in Paris, Elena Vasilievna Ustyuzhskaya.

The marriage was concluded by love, although the bride almost did not know the Russian language, and the Polonsky - French. Marked in August. Slide for 12 many years he could not recover from grief. And so, six years after the death of his wife, in the year Yakov married a second time at Josephine Antonovna Rülman of the year of birth. Three children were born in this marriage - the sons of Alexander and Boris and daughter Natalya Josephine possessed the talent of the sculptor and actively participated in the artistic life of St.

Petersburg. Creativity evenings were often held in their house, where famous writers and artists came to Russia. Slide 13 in Polonsky wrote to A. Fetu: "By my poems, you can trace my whole life." In accordance with this principle of reflection of the internal biography, he built his final complete works of 5 TT works. Polonsky releases the last collection of poems - “Evening Calling”, imbued with a sensation of a close end.

Eight years later, the poet died, remaining until the last day the undefeated knight of poetry. Evening ringing is the poet’s soul, bless you this ringing - he does not look like the cries of light that frightened my best dream. Evening ringing, and in the distance, through the rumble of the urban alarms, will you prophesy me inspiration, or - grave and peace? .. But life and death are a ghost-they say something eternal about the world, and no matter how loud you are-the bells will call back the lira.

Slide 14 died Polonsky on October 30.

He was buried in the village of Lviv, the Ryazan province in the Assumption Olsk Monastery. In the year, the remains of the poet reburied in the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin. Slide 15 Heritage of Yakov Petrovich is great and evaluated as unequal. The main property of Polonsky’s poetry is its subtle lyricism, which originates in romanticism, enriched by the genius of Pushkin.

It is no coincidence that he was considered a faithful successor to the traditions of the great poet, it was not for nothing that the poems of Yakov Petrovich often used in their romances the most famous composers - Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninov and many others. In addition, the legacy left by the Polonsky artist: in the manuscript department and at the Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature, the Pushkin House of the Academy of Sciences of Russia is stored near the drawings and sketches of Polonsky in various techniques of pencil, pen, sipia, watercolor and 90 sketches with oil paints.

Several albums and individual drawings are located in the State Literary Museum in Moscow, four drawings in the Russian State Library and other museums.