Gilyarovsk biography briefly

The writer clarified the place of his birth in the memoir book “My Wandering. The story of a vagabond life ”:“ I was born in a forest farm behind the Kubensky lake and spent part of my childhood in dense Domshinsky forests, where the bears walk on foot along the drags and swamps, and wolves dragging flocks. In Domshin, a dense fast river, Toshnya, ran through the forests, and behind her, among centuries -old forests, swamps.

” The ancestors of Gilyarovsky in the paternal line - Petrov - lived in Beloozer and were engaged in fishing. According to family legend, the surname “Gilyarovsky”, formed from the Latin “Hilaris” - “cheerful, joyful”, received the grandfather of the writer as a feature of his character. So, when entering the Vologda Theological Seminary, a teacher of Latin. The same legend is connected by the father of Gilyarovsky with the Novgorod Volnitsa, since it was the natives of Veliky Novgorod in ancient times that Belozerye mastered.

The mother of the future writer belonged to the Zaporizhzhya Cossack family, which in the second half of the XVIII century. Grandma and grandfather talked about the pet and combat Cossack life, and their daughter, my mother, sang, sang wonderful songs and read in the evenings of Pushkin, Lermontov, and her father - the forbidden poems of Ryleyev. I, five -year -old, by hearing, knew the pieces from reconstructing in this way my pedigree and the very first children's impressions, Gilyarovsky, makes a clear emphasis on both the spontaneous and historical liberties of their remote ancestors, and on the “cultural” freedom of the parents, primarily the mother.

However, the beneficial aesthetic influence of the mother was short -lived - she died when her son was barely eight years old. Father and his friend “Fugitive sailor” Kitaev sought to endow the boy with the qualities of “natural man” and “real man” - they developed his physical strength, dexterity, firmness of the spirit, fearlessness in the face of any danger, sculpted from him “remote hunters and an athlete”.

In the city of Gilyarovsky he entered the Vologda gymnasium, but studied poorly, without interest and desire, already in the first grade he remained in the second year.

Children's freedom and “natural upbringing” received in Domshinsky forests did not at all correspond to the regulations of the best educational institution in the city. True, customs and orders in the gymnasium in the post -reform years were softer and liberal than in Nikolaev times. Every year with painful impatience, the child expected summer vacancies to leave for his favorite forests.

During these years, the Gilyarovskys spent the summer months in a small estate of the lights near Chebsara. Vladimir, together with his father, grandfather and “uncle”, Kitaev disappeared for days on hunting or fishing, rode riding, climbed trees. Kitaev taught him swimming, wrestling techniques, gymnastic exercises. But the holidays quickly ended, and it was necessary to return to the hated gymnasium.

The rejection of school discipline and any restrictions was generally manifested in pranks and mockery of especially unloved teachers. In the Vologda gymnasium, with all its shortcomings, both real and imaginary, existing only in the children's imagination, there was one undoubted dignity - both teachers, and the gymnasium authorities encouraged the literary work of pupils, supported any attempts by children to write poetry or prose.

The almost universal hobby of gymnasium students affected Vladimir with literary work. In addition to dirty tricks for mentors, ”Gilyarovsky later recalled,“ I wrote both the lyrics and translated poems from French, which was very approved by the Russian language teacher Shkhnitsky. ” The impression of poetry could not but cause a more general interest in literature.

The Circle of Reading Gilyarovsky-Himnasist is characteristic of both his psychological type, and for time, and which he lived. From the domestic classics, studied in literature lessons, Vladimir preferred Gogol, especially Gogol of the romantic period “Office on a farm near Dikanka”, “Taras Bulba”. Gilyarovsky throughout his life did not just love Gogol, but felt some inner relationship with him.

In this sense, the writer of his origin from the Cossacks of the Zaporizhzhya Sich was significant. Gilyarovsky later made a pilgrimage to the homeland of his idol in the town of Big Sorochintsy. He was engaged in the study of Gogol’s biography, the article “In Gogolevshchina” and the essay “In the Gogol’s homeland” clarified the date and place of the birth of the writer.

It can be assumed that Gilyarovsky stylized his appearance and creative behavior “under Taras”. The sculptor N. Andreev, who created the monument to Gogol to the centenary of the classic, invited Gilyarovsky to pose for the bas -relief image of Taras Bulba. From underground and forbidden literature, which Vladimir, like many of his gymnasium comrades, read with special zeal, made a particularly strong impression on Chernyshevsky’s novel “What to do?

The literature of this kind was further strengthened by the desire of a young man to individual freedom and independence from all state and public institutions, for wanderings and adventures.It should be added to this that in his Vologda gymnasium years, Gilyarovsky talked with political exiles of populist orientation, which then in a significant number lived in Vologda, and, of course, learned rebellious opposition sentiments.

He walked from Vologda to Yaroslavl, entered the Burlatsky artel on the Volga, then worked as a hook with a port loader on the Volga pier, served in the white factory, pass horseback horsebacks, was a fighter of fire crew, circus, actor of provincial theaters. During the Russo-Turkish war-Gilyarovsky became a volunteer, served in intelligence and was awarded the St.

George Cross for courage. After the war, Vladimir Alekseevich arrived at his homeland. Father gave him a book by the teacher of Shkhnitsky, published in Vologda in the city, in it was printed a gymnasium poem by Gilyarovsky “Leaflet”. The first publication made a strong impression on him: “This even more lit up to write in me, although until that time I sent my father large letters, where I described a stray life, sent poems written on gray paper according to the brothels, and since I even sent a whole story of their life workers at the white factory.” But with the quiet and “boring” Vologda Gilyarovsky, little connected little.

Soon he parted with his father’s house to continue his “vague life”. The wanderings of Gilyarovsky in Russia lasted exactly ten years, the “round” number indicates, of course, the consciously calculated period of this biographical stage. It was time to embody this huge reserve of life material in literature, acquaintance with which Russian society is able to turn over. This type of “creative behavior” was a little later canonized by M.

Gorky, who actively called for young writers “go to people”, to study the life of lower social strata on their own experience, and only then begin to professional literature. Gilyarovsky became a Muscovite. His creative activity is realized simultaneously in fiction and in journalism. Numerous stories and poems by Vladimir Alekseevich appear in various Moscow publications.

The novice author, who has such an important experience and knowledge of “truly folk life”, is warmly supported by writers of the populist direction, primarily Gleb Uspensky and Vlas Doroshevich. Gilyarovsky published a collection of stories and essays "Slumen people." The main characters of the book, as can be seen from the title, are the poor, inhabitants of the nights, declassified elements.

The book turned out to be so hopelessly gloomy that the authorities considered it the revolutionary. The already printed circulation of "slums" was destroyed, only a few copies were miraculously preserved. Chekhov, who was irony belonging to radical populism, in one of the letters specified the reason for the dissatisfaction of censorship by the writer Gilyarovsky: “His book confiscated in November for the fact that all the heroes - backward military - are poor and die of hunger.

The overall tone of the book is dull and gloomy, like the bottom of the well, in which toads and mokritsy live. ” Gilyarovsky later published stories from the scandalous book in his collections “Negativa” and “were“ carried away by the social accusation and image of shocking ulcers of public life, the writer clearly underestimated the artistic aspect of his works, neglected the issues of style and form.

In the program “Tramp”, the author formulates his life and creative credo, his main topic: do not laugh that I am singing about the will: as a mother is dear, I love will not dare, that I sang about the sound of the shackles, about the creaking of the doors and the clang of bayonets about the cold, the hunger, about trouble and bitter need, occasionally arise in the poetry of our countrywoman Native Vologda landscapes, but they are also associated with the “will”, either lost in childhood, or generally unattainable: native paintings again before me: shrubs, fields, meadows, and densely covered with juicy grass of the coast and smells of a pine field from grove, and fly in the middle of the green field Healthy - I am north today!

.. Here the song rushes from the undressed field, sound in the distance, like a string in it, revelry and daring and will and grief, the song is full of that song. Along with the chanting of “removal and will”, in all their manifestations in Gilyarovsky’s verses there are motives of fatigue, unbelief, historical pessimism, undoubtedly associated with the general crisis of populist ideology: the old dreams broke into the ashes of neither thoughts, no faith, nor doubts ...

In the history of Russian literature, Gilyarovsky remained both as a poet and as an author of exposing Stories, but truly universal fame brought him journalistic work and books of memoirs, primarily “Moscow and Muscovites”. Having settled in Moscow, Vladimir Alekseevich began to work in the popular city newspaper Moscow Leaflet, and a few years later he moved to a more solid all -Russian newspaper Russian Vedomosti.The sharp mind, sociability, reporter flair and special artistry of the journalistic style soon made Gilyarovsky the most readable and demanded reporter of Moscow.

Joking, colleagues assured that he "on the eve knew everything where what would happen." Gilyarovsky, in his correspondence, promptly and accurately informed readers about all the most significant events of Russian life: from railway crashes and sensational murders to the Khodynsky disaster in May, he was the only journalist - the direct eyewitness of these tragic events.

Gilyarovsky worked in the genre of “journalistic investigation”, then not so common. The writer N. Teleshov, who was friends with him, recalled such an episode: “Then, unknown why, Gilyarovsky suddenly disappeared into the Balkans, in Serbia, where in his correspondence he brought the then king Milan“ to fresh water ”, revealing all his intrigue and proving that the famous attempt on Milan was adjusted to Milan himself for personal royal targets.

This exposure was picked up by European newspapers, and Gilyarovsky barely managed to carry his head from Belgrade. " Gilyarovsky lived exactly half a century in Moscow, becoming a cult figure for the city, a kind of “Moscow attraction”. The address of the writer - the joiners of the lanes, house 9 - was known to each Muscovite. The personality of Gilyarovsky had an extraordinary attractive force and in almost everyone caused a sense of sympathy.

Warm friendly relations associated Gilyarovsky and with many famous people of his time - L. Tolstoy, G. Uspensky, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Blok, A. Gorky, L. Andreev, I. Repin, F. Chaliapin and others about his meetings with Russian culture Gilyarovsky wrote interesting memories. Editions of the works: Gilyarovsky V. Works: in four volumes. Favorites: in three volumes.