Biography of Zoshchenko photo

The biography “nothing bad except the good will happen,” wrote the classic and brilliant comedian Mikhail Zoshchenko. It seems that the providence itself decided to argue with the writer and prove that he is wrong. So many troubles and misfortunes happened to Mikhail Mikhailovich that under their load, the prose writer has repeatedly turned to psychotherapists.

And he made his chronic depression the subject of research and wrote a book how to recover from it. But he suffered a fiasco. Childhood and youth were born Russian prose writer in the summer of the year in the northern capital in the family of nobles Mikhail Zoshchenko and Elena Surina. The head of the family is an artist, whose mosaic and today decorates the facade of the Museum of Alexander Suvorov in St.

Petersburg. The writer’s mother was also a creative person: before marriage, Elena Iosifovna went to theatrical stage as an actress. And after, when eight children were born one by one, she managed to write stories that the Kopeyka newspaper took into the seal. The portrait of Mikhail Zoshchenko at 8 years old was taken to gymnasium. Later, at the autobiography, Zoshchenko said that he did not study, and wrote an essay on “1” in the final exam, although he already dreamed of a writer's career.

The Zoshchenko family barely made ends meet. In m, after graduating from the gymnasium, Mikhail Zoshchenko became a student of the Imperial University, choosing jurisprudence. But a year later he was expelled - there was nothing to pay for their studies. The young man had to earn a living. He got a job as a railway controller. The year worked: the First World War broke out.

Mikhail Zoshchenko in childhood in his memoirs Zoshchenko wrote that he did not have a “patriotic mood”. Nevertheless, Mikhail distinguished himself, having received four combat orders. He was repeatedly wounded, and after gas poisoning, he was “attributed” to the reserve. But Zoshchenko refused and returned to the front. Mikhail Zoshchenko, in his youth, the revolution of Gu Zoshchenko prevented Zoshchenko to become a captain and receive the Order of St.

Vladimir. The writer was sent to the reserve. In the summer, Zoshchenko was appointed commandant of the Petrograd post office, but six months later he left his hometown and left for Arkhangelsk. Mikhail Zoshchenko refused to leave Russia and leave for France. Mikhail Zoshchenko in his youth for his biography prose writer replaced at least 15 professions. He worked in court, bred rabbits and chickens in the Smolensk province, worked as a shoemaker.

In M Mikhail Zoshchenko, he volunteered for the Red Army. But in the spring he got to the hospital, was demobilized and switched to the service as a telephone operator. Literature Mikhail Zoshchenko began to write at the age of 8: first poems, then stories. In the year, when he turned 13, he wrote the story “Coats”. Children's impressions and family turmoil had a strong influence on him, later finding their reflection in the works of Mikhail Zoshchenko for children: “Halfish and ice cream”, “Christmas tree”, “Stupid story”, “Great travelers”.

Mikhail Zoshchenko in his youth after the revolution and demobilization of Zoshchenko in search of earnings tried a dozen professions, which reflected on his work and enriched the work with interesting details. In the year, Mikhail Zoshchenko visits the literary studio established by the publishing house "World Literature" and led by Korney Chukovsky. Korney Ivanovich, who got acquainted with the humorous works of Zoshchenko, praised the talent of the writer, but was surprised that the comedian turned out to be "such a sad man." The writer Mikhail Zoshchenko in the studio, the writer met Veniamin Kaverin, Vsevolod Ivanov and other colleagues, with whom he united in the literary group, called the "Serapion brothers." The first publications attracted attention to Mikhail Zoshchenko.

The popularity of the writer in post -revolutionary Russia is growing rapidly. Phrases from his humorous stories become winged. From the years, the prose writer was reprinted once, including the 6-volume collected works. The stories “Bath”, “Aristocrat”, “History of the disease”, “Most” are full of distinctive humor, are read in one breath and loved by all layers of society. The writer is asked to read them at meetings in audiences crowded with fans.

The creativity of the comedian was highly appreciated by Maxim Gorky, he was delighted with the “ratio of humor and lyricism” in Zoshchenko’s stories. Literary critics after the release of two collections noted that Mikhail Zoshchenko created a new type of hero. This is a poorly educated Soviet person without cultural baggage, reflecting and full of desire to equalize the "rest of humanity." The attempts of “equal” are ridiculous and clumsy, but the laughter of the hero is not angry.

Often a prose writer leads a story on behalf of the hero himself, forcing the reader to better understand the motives of actions. Critics defined the manner of Mikhail Mikhailovich as “fairy -tale”. Korney Chukovsky noted that the writer introduced into use by a new extrahitural speech, which was accepted and loved by readers. Mikhail Zoshchenko at work, but not all readers accept the writer from the pen of the writer with admiration.

Mikhail Zoshchenko fell in love, but the writer was expected to continue in the same spirit. And in the year he published the book “Letters to the Writer”.This is a kind of sociological study consisting of dozens of letters to the writer from readers. The book caused bewilderment and indignation of the fans of the talent of Zoshchenko, the negative reaction of the authorities.

The director of Vsevolod Meyerhold was forced to take the play from the repertoire the play “Dear Comrade”. From childhood, the susceptible Mikhail Zoshchenko plunges into depression, which is aggravated after a trip to Belomorkanal. The authorities organized the journey of writers, hoping that they would display re -education in the Stalinist camps of the “criminal element”, his “disturbance” in a “useful” person.

The book of Mikhail Zoshchenko, but on Mikhail Zoshchenko, what he saw on Belomorkanal had the opposite effect - oppressing, and he wrote not at all what was expected from him. In the story “The History of one Life” that appeared in the year, he shares gloomy impressions. Trying to get rid of a depressive state, Mikhail Zoshchenko composed the story “Returned Youth”. This is a psychological study that caused interest in the scientific environment.

The prose writer inspired by such a reaction continued literary research of human relations, publishing a collection of stories “Blue Book” in the year. But if in the scientific environment the essay was met with interest, then in the party press Mikhail Zoshchenko stuck. The writer was forbidden to print works that go beyond the framework of "positive satire on individual flaws." Illustration for the Blue Book of Mikhail Zoshchenko Proseic, constrained by censorship, concentrated the forces on writing stories for children.

They are published in the magazines Chizh and Hedgehog. Later, the stories were included in the collection "Lelya and Minka." Five years later, the light saw the second collection of stories for children, called "The most important thing." At the end of X, Mikhail Zoshchenko concentrated his strength on work on the book, which he considered the main work of his life.

He did not interrupt work on it during the Second World War. The summer writer was not at the front, although from the very first days of the war he submitted an application to the military registration and enlistment office, as a volunteer. But the writer did not pass the medical board - he was recognized as worthless to military service. Zoshchenko entered the fire defense group and, together with his son, was on duty on the roofs of Leningrad houses, protecting them from incendiary shells.

The writer Mikhail Zoshchenko was forcibly evacuated to Alma-Ata, allowing you to take baggage with him no harder than 12 kilograms. Zoshchenko took the notebooks and manuscripts - the workpieces of the future “main book”, which he came up with the working name - “The Keys of Happiness” later changed “before the sunrise”. The weight of manuscripts is 8 kilograms. The remaining four are personal things and clothes.

In evacuation, the writer worked at the Mosfilm studio, where he wrote scripts for two films: “Soldier's happiness” and “Fallen leaves”. In the spring, the writer came to Moscow, where he got a job in the editorial board of the comedic magazine Crocodile. The comedy play “Sailing Portfolio” written in the evacuation is successfully performed by performances in the Leningrad Drama Drama.

The house of Mikhail Zoshchenko in Alma-Ata in the same year the first chapters of scientific and artistic research “Before Supporting Sun” are published in the journal “Star”. Mikhail Zoshchenko wrote that he went to this work all his life, imposing great hopes for understanding and approving the book by readers and literary critics. The story of Zoshchenko is confessional.

In it, Mikhail Mikhailovich, based on the works of physiologist Ivan Pavlov and Sigmund Freud, tried to scientifically justify the victory over depression. In an autobiography, the writer talks about his childhood experiences and injuries, explaining to melancholy in mature years by what he experienced in childhood. This book is a scientific manual for those who, like Mikhail Zoshchenko, tried to get rid of oppressive mental torment.

Mikhail Zoshchenko and Yuri Olesha “Zvezda” was banned from publishing the continuation of the book, repressions followed. In party publications, Mikhail Zoshchenko and the magazines that gave him the rostrum were smashed to the fluff. The Leningrad magazine was closed. The story was criticized by Joseph Stalin, followed by Andrei Zhdanov, calling the work “disgusting thing”.

Critical abuse fell on Zoshchenko. The book was called "Galicia", which in the hands of the enemies of the USSR. Mikhail Zoshchenko was accused of not going to the front, although he visited the military enlistment office in the very first days of the war. They expected repentance from him. Joseph Stalin and Andrei Zhdanov criticized the books of Mikhail Zoshchenko aggravated the bitter position of the prose writer in the “Star” of the children's story “The Adventures of the Monkey”.

In the story, they suddenly saw the satire on the Soviet system. Together with Mikhail Zoshchenko, Anna Akhmatov was also stigmatized. In order to survive and not die, the writer translated the works of Finnish colleagues into Russian. After the death of Generalissimo, Mikhail Zoshchenko was admitted to the Union of Writers, from which they expelled in m.