The biography of the ruler of Rurik

The main "IX-X century" The first Russian princes "Prince Rurik: the origin, reign, foundation of the state of Rurik, the royal titular to Rurik Date of birth is unknown-this is the ruler of North-West Rus', the Novgorod prince, the ancestor of the royal dynasty of the Rurikovich, is considered the founder of the Old Russian state. There are many theories and legends about the life of Rurik, among which there is also an opinion that it is a fictitious figure.

The origin of Prince Rurik currently exists several versions about where Rurik’s originally, to which people he belonged to and how he became a prince. The Norman version in the annals, where Rurik was mentioned, was called the “Varangian”, and the Varangians were associated with the Swedes and the Normans. Supporters of this theory believe that he was a viking viking from Scandinavia.

This theory is evidenced by various foreign written sources, chronological and language data. In ancient Russian trade and craft settlements and early cities, numerous objects of Scandinavian origin were found. A number of words, names also have an ancient noskandinavian origin. Rorik from Denmark according to one version, Rurik is Viking Rorik Jutland Freishandsky, from the family of the Danish royal family of the Skeldungs.

Even before the birth of Rurik, his relative brother or uncle Harald C shack was expelled from Jutland, he found a shelter with Charles the Great. Emperor Louis I the heir to Karl in the year became the godfather Rorik and gave the family of land on the coast of Frisian Frisland with a center in Drestad. In the year, Emperor Lothar expelled them from the lands.

The next mention of Rorik is found in Xanthen Annals in the year when he arranged raids on Frisia. In years, Rorik strengthened his position in Frisland. In the year, he took the oath of allegiance to Louis to the German. It is believed that Rorik died in the year, since it was then that Frisia was transferred to Gottfried. The Western Slavic version supporters of this theory refer to the "Tale of Bygone Years", which states that Rurik was neither Swede, nor Norman, nor Angl.

It is believed that he was from the family of Slavic tribes: encourages, Ruan and Pomorians. This theory was especially popular in Soviet times, when the question of the ruler of the Inozem was idealized. Supporters of the theory of Slavic origin of Rurik believe that the idea of ​​his foreign origin is “anti -scientific Norman theory”, designed to prove that the Slavs could not independently create a state.

The Austrian Sigismund von Gerberstein suggested that the Slavs called their princes from the Vagrs or Varangians, and did not call foreigners who differ with them by faith, customs and language. The arrival of Rurik in Ladoga, Vasnetsov V. The first Rurikovich. The painting of the eastern wall of the Granovite Chamber, the Belousov brothers reigning Varangian brothers: Rurik, Sineus and Truvor, Radzivilov Chronicle Rurik on the Monument of the Russian Flight in Veliky Novgorod, Mikhail Mikeshin Rurik: the foundation of the Old Russian state, during the start of the state of the state, stood out two main tribal unions: Northern Novgorod and Southern Kyiv.

They were controlled by the elders, lived according to the laws of national rule. Between the unions, wars often arose, as a result, conflicts led to a weakening of two sides. In the year, the Varangians took advantage of the situation and imposed a tribute to them. Two years later they were expelled, and the wars between the unions resumed. The elder of the Ilmen tribes Gostomysl proposed a way out of this situation: to abandon the national rule and appoint the prince, and so that there is no discontent, among his people the prince cannot be chosen.

As stated in the annals of “Tale of Bygone Years”, in the year Varangian Rurik, along with his brothers Sineus and Truvor, were invited to rule to Novgorod. Several tribes called them: the Ilmen Slavs, Krivichi, Chud and all. This event was called “Varangian's Calling” and is considered the beginning of the reign of the Rurikovich dynasty. The tribes decided to call Rurik in connection with the feud between them.

The Varangians were called Russia, it is believed that this is why the lands were nicknamed the Russians. Rurik’s rule began in Ladoga or Novgorod among the Slavs of the Ilmen, where exactly the historians are unknown, Sineus reigned in Beloozer between the tribes of the miracles and the whole, Truvor - in Izborsk by the Krivichi. The "Tale of Bygone Years" also states that after the death of the younger brothers, all power passed to Rurik.

The late Nikon Chronicle says that Rurik was not invited, and he, taking advantage of the internal civil strife, seized power and founded Novgorod. But the inhabitants of this city were dissatisfied with the fact that they were rule the Varangians and in the year raised a rebellion led by Vadim Brave. There is a version that it was in this conflict that Sineus and Truvor died.

The rebellion was suppressed, Rurik killed Vadim brave and became the sole ruler. Some historians indicate that Novgorod was built after the death of Rurik near his fortified residence of the settlement, and these events describe the uprising of the Novgorodians in the XI century under Yaroslav Wise. But on this occasion there are other opinions. For example, B.Rybakov believes that the Scandinavian squads were constantly attacked by the tribes, who eventually could seize power in order to win them were called by the Varangians.

Rybakov also believes that in fact, Rurik did not have brothers, he came to rule with his relatives and squad. Froyanov believes that the Varangians were invited to provide military assistance, and after Rurik Vadim Brave, who was the Slovenian prince, began to rule. Managing Novgorod, Prince Rurik significantly expanded the territory, he annexed the lands of the tribes of the whole, Mur, Meria.

Rurik died in the year. According to one version, it is believed that he died in Novgorod, according to the other - in the war in Karelia, and in the third - in the campaign. Office and guardianship of his son Igor Rurik bequeathed to his military leader and, possibly, to a relative to Oleg. The wives and children of Rurik is not known for certain how much Rurik had wives and children.

According to the Johamov Chronicle, since he was a pagan, Rurik had several wives, one of them, the Norwegian Princess Efand, gave birth to him a son Igor, who later became a prince of Kievan Rus. There is an opinion that Rurik had another son and daughter. The proof that Igor was not the only son of Rurik is the Russian-Byzantine treaty of G.