Biography of Gaverdovsky

Colonel of the retinue of his Imperial Majesty in the Prosemaster, officer of the General Staff, researcher of Kazakhstan. Born in or year, heroically died on August 26 in the Battle of Borodino.

Belonged to one of the branches of the noble family of the Gaverdovsky, which dated its roots to the second half of the 16th century. From the end for the year, Y. Gaverdovsky served in Orenburg and on the Orenburg border line - the clerk in the Orenburg Border Court, then in military service in the army units of the province. Rumyantseva, authorized the creation of a commission to prepare the embassy in the Bukhara Khanate.

The head of the special trade and diplomatic mission in Bukhara was appointed Lieutenant for the Prosemister's Majesty of his Imperial Majesty, approved by Alexander I, approved by Alexander I, the instructions aimed Y. Gaverdovsky to clarify the problems of the development of bilateral trade relations with Bukhara, factors that impede normal transit trade between two countries, including along the way of Russian and Bukhara caravans Through the Kazakh steppe.

The missions were also prescribed to collect “thorough” information about Kazakh Zhuzes in the places where trade routes are lying, about mineral deposits in the Mugojar mountains near the upper reaches of the Ori and Emba rivers and other information. Gaverdovsky number of about 50 people hit the road. The caravan of Russian merchants joined him, which took to Bukhara on 55 camels of goods in the amount of almost thousands of rubles.

A month and a half, the embassy successfully advanced along the Western region of the Kazakh steppe. But on September 9, being miles from Orenburg and 70 miles from the Syr Darya, in the tract of Khoja-Bergen was a sudden attack. The Kazakhs of the Shymyras family from the younger Zhuz, led by their khan Abulgazy Kaipov, Biyi Zhanazar, Zhanuzak and other steppe leaders, almost completely plundered the caravan, some members of the embassy were captured.

Finging from the robbers, Ya. Gaverdovsky with the remaining people managed to get to the Orsk fortress on September 21. After returning to St. Petersburg, Y. Gaverdovsky prepared several reports and notes in which he offered the Russian authorities various ways to curb the “self -will” of Kazakhs and punish the perpetrators for committed robberies. At the same time, Y.

Gaverdovsky eliminated unnecessary violence and causing material damage to the bulk of the Kazakh population. Subsequently, J. Gaverdovsky began to process the rich field materials collected by him in the Kazakh steppe. Together with his assistants, he prepared a detailed “Journal of the Svita E. Later Y. Gaverdovsky wrote a monograph on the geography, history and ethnography of Kazakhstan -“ The Review of the Kyrgyz -Kaisak Stepy ”in two parts, which was positively appreciated by the St.

Petersburg academicians V. Severgin and A., Military-historical archive and archive of the Institute of History of St. Petersburg of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Only small excerpts from it in the publication of the city of Spassky - the magazine "Siberian Bulletin" in the 19ths of the 19th century were published. Also, the original materials of J. Gaverdovsky thoroughly used in many sections of his three-volume labor “Description of the Kyrgyz-Cossacks, or Kyrgyz-Kaisatsky, hordes and steppes” a large Russian researcher of the history and ethnography of Kazakhs A.

Levshin however, according to the tradition of that time, without specific references to the authorship of his half -forgotten predecessor. In the 20th century, the work of Y. Gaverdovsky repeatedly used when writing various works on the history of Kazakhstan, such prominent Soviet historians as M. Vyatkin, N. Apollov, E. Bekmakhanov, S. Tolybekov, N. Masanov and other scientists.

In addition, separate the most striking fragments of the “reviews of the Kyrgyz-Kaisak steppe” at different times were often quoted in the scientific and historical and journalistic works of Kazakhstani authors. Undoubtedly, if J. Gaverdovsky had not died in the Battle of Borodino and took care of his manuscript, the fate of this work would be different. It is enough to say that, according to experts and historians, Y.

Gaverdovsky carried out the first physical and geographical separation of plain Kazakhstan, the first to collect information about the laws of the famous Kazakh tale-khan are also applied to Tauk Khan. According to historian Irina Erofeeva, the description of Y. Gaverdovsky helped to determine the exact place of the decisive and most dramatic in the long -term war of the Kazakhs with the Dzungarian conquerors of the GG.

Aineracian battle. In the description, you can find traces of Genghis Khan and a lot of other interesting things. By the beginning of the Patriotic War of Y. Gaverdovsky, the colonel of the retinue of his Imperial Majesty in the Prosemaster part, serves as Ober-Quartermaster in the 3rd Infantry Division, commanded by the future military Minister of Russia P.Konovnitsyn, after Napoleon’s treacherous attack on Russia, the Konovnitsyn division retreated deep into the country as part of the 3rd Infantry Corps of Lieutenant General Nikolai Alekseevich Tuchkov of the 1st Army of Barclay de Tolly.

Konovnitsyn was set to command him. His right hand was Ya. Until the battle of Borodino, the Arguergard daily led heavy, exhausting battles with the French. In the work of N. Polikarpov “to the history of the Patriotic War of the year according to the primary sources” M. And the future Decembrist and General A. Muravyov in “Autobiographical Notes” writes: “General P. Konovnitsyn, who commanded the rearguard, was a kind, skillful and brave man, animated by his position.

He had a complete power of attorney to Gaverdovsky, who was indeed the head of the rearguard, because nothing without his consent was undertaken and did not refuse anything ... Gaverdovsky had a rare ability to dictate every evening suddenly and at the same time orders for movement and battle the next day of seven and more regimental adjutants and orders who came for orders.

” Brother A. Muravyova - N. Muravyov, a participant in the Patriotic War and the Decembrist, in his “Notes” also mentions Y. Gaverdovsky: “Brother Alexander was sent to Arieregard, at the disposal of General Konnitsyn, who had a worthy person, Colonel Gaverdovsky, brave, administrative and beloved by subordinates.” The day of Borodino Battle of Y. Gaverdovsky met as a quartermaster General of the 1st Army, which he had just been appointed.

Napoleon made the first furious onslaught in the early morning on August 26 in one of the sections of this army. Barclay de Tolly sent there I. In the fierce and bloody battle, Yakov Petrovich was killed. Muravyov wrote with sadness: “Under Borodin, the chief of staff was killed in the arirgard near Konovnitsyn, the apartment of the meters -by -house part, Colonel Gaverdovsky, under the command of which, was a little time, Brother Alexander.

Gaverdovsky was a man with the virtues and one of the best officers of the General Staff both in his mind and knowledge, experience and courage. He was respected by the bosses and loved with his subordinates. ” Konovnitsyn immediately after the battle wrote to his wife: “She shared my sadness about my good comrade, about the glorious officer, about a man devoted to me. Now they bring me a horse of my good Gaverdovsky, it is either killed or captured.

To reliably find out, I will try to send a parliamentary. How my grief grieved tightly. How he served me at the vanguard, and there was already a quarterm general [inequer] of the army. What glory he had already acquired, and the army lost his. The loss, for sure, is great. How I wish him to be alive. But he hardly lives. Do not leave his wife and children. ” The name of Yakov Petrovich Gaverdovsky today can be seen in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, on one of the three marble boards of the so -called “wall” placed at the entrance from the left side.

Such a curious fact from the biography of J. Graf, the infantry general Fedor Fedorovich Kilsgevden, being commander in chief during the Russian-Swedish War, was dismissed in December of the year recently staged by the military ministry, Count A. Bukshevden to Arakcheev of September 13, made a strong impression of the courage with which it was depicted in it. “The picture ... of the Herio” Arakcheev, and diverged in the lists.

It is known that then the Major of the General Staff, Ya. Gaverdovsky, who was a bookweden, translated this message into Russian Buhshevden belonged to the Baltic Germans - Yu. Be that as it may, to send such a letter to the All -powerful Arakcheev was a very bold step. This story, as well as the close relations of Y. Gaverdovsky with the future Decembrists - the Muravyev brothers and other progressive people of that time, do not exclude the fact that, live Y.

Gaverdovsky up to a year, it could be on December 14 on Senate Square. The biographical article was composed by Yuri Goverovsky. Next, read:.