Biography of a scientist teacher

Not everyone knows that the outstanding scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, whose flying was celebrated in September of this year, gave teaching more than 40 years of life. One of the theorists of aviation and aeronautics, the founder of the theory of reactive movement and interplanetary messages, he conducted classes in physics and mathematics for the educational institutions of Borovsk and Kaluga for the year, where he won the glory of a talented teacher and teacher.

The first teachers of Tsiolkovsky himself were parents. In the memory of Konstantin Eduardovich, one of the first lessons of his father was preserved: Eduard Ignatievich, piercing a large apple with a knitting needle, explains to his son what the axis of rotation of the earth is. Reading and writing he was taught by his mother, Maria Ivanovna. She explained to the son of the aza arithmetic.

Kostya did not always immediately understand what he was told. Maria Ivanovna was angry and even, happened, slapped her son. For life, the scientist remembered how hard the first knowledge was given to him. At nine years old, a disaster happened from the bones: after the transferred scarlet fever, he began to hear badly.

When it was time to study at the gymnasium, the boy was faced with great difficulties - he did not hear teachers in the lessons. Learning was given tight, it came to deductions. But the young man chose another way for himself. He began to master knowledge on his own. The universities of the future scientist and teacher were books and magazines from the best libraries of Moscow, where Eduard Ignatievich sent his son to study, looking at him amazing abilities for invention and scientific activity.

But life in Moscow turned out to be too expensive, and Tsiolkovsky had to return to Vyatka. Tutoring in Vyatka was the first attempt to try himself as a teacher. She was successful. Konstantin Eduardovich discovered the bright talent of the teacher. He quickly found a common language with children, knew how to interest them, told enthusiastically, explained intelligibly.

Giving lessons of arithmetic and geometry, the teacher used the manuals invented and made by him, which helped to quickly master the new material and liked the children very much. The glory of the talented, very unusual, adored by the students of the teacher was fixed behind Tsiolkovsky. Therefore, when it was time to determine the profession, he without hesitation chose teaching for himself.

In the year, Konstantin passed the external exams in the Ryazan gymnasium, he was awarded the title of teacher of mathematics of district schools and sent to work in the city of Borovsk by the Kaluga province. So fate tied him with the Kaluga region for life. Tsiolkovsky arrived in Borovsk in January. There, he wrote more than a dozen scientific works on the kinetic theory of gases, the scientific substantiation of an all-metal balloon, a high-speed air pillow train, a giant cosmic airships, missiles for interplanetary travels and other scientific and scientific and fantastic projects.

He had to serve in the Borovsky district school founded in the year. Boys from 10 to 16 years old studied in it, children of merchants and bourgeois. They studied the law of God, the Holy Scriptures and the history of the Church, arithmetic, geometry, Russian language, geography, Russian and universal history, calligraphy, drawing, drawing. The main objects of Tsiolkovsky were arithmetic and geometry.

In addition, from time to time, for lack of other teachers, he led drawing, drawing, calligraphy, gave lessons in history and geography. Tsiolkovsky always leave a very pleasant impression. His teaching techniques are simple, visual and practical, revive and make the students be attentive during the entire lesson. Due to such teaching, children without much difficulty and deliberately absorb the subject being studied.

The teacher never gives the children ready -made rules and theorems, and they themselves, with the help of a teacher,, by solving many private issues and tasks, come to one or another truth, to one or another position in the geometry lesson, for example, they make various triangles from the paper, take corners from it, put them together on a plane or more: gluing a cylinder and a cone with equal the grounds and heights and pouring sand from one volume to another, the students are convinced that the volume of the cylinder is three times the volume of the cone.

And with what pleasure the children go with the teacher to the garden or field, in the spring, of course, to measure the area of ​​the site, to determine the distance between two inaccessible objects or to measure the height of the bell tower in such classes. The only, and that homemade, tool is used - astrolabia. Instead of a milestone when shooting plans, the students themselves sometimes become at the right points, and the distance, behind the lack of a chain, is checked by steps.

The exercises of this kind are undoubtedly exciting and useful, and they teach to look at geometry as a science, which is suitable for life, we gave up to solving problems. This was better excited brains and amateur performances, and it was not so bored for children. In the summer, in the summer, in the summer they rode in my big boat, bathed and practiced in geometry, I still found another fun for students.I made a huge ball of paper.

There was no alcohol. Therefore, at the bottom of the ball there was a mesh made of thin wire, on which I laid several burning beams. The Mongolfier, sometimes having a bizarre shape, rose, as far as the thread attached to it allowed. But once the thread accidentally burned down below, and my ball rushed into the city, dropping sparks and burning beam. I got to the roof to the shoemaker.

The shoemaker stuck a ball. I wanted to hold me accountable. Then the caretaker of the school said that I launched a ball that fell at the house and exploded with terrible force. So they make an elephant from a fly. After this incident, I only fueled my Mongolfier, but I eliminated the fire, and it flew without fire. Therefore, he soon fell. The guys chased after him and brought him back to let them go again.

At one time in Borovsk, I lived on the edge of the city near the river. Our street was deserted, covered with grass and very convenient for games. Once I saw the neighbors of a small hawk - a Japanese toy made of reeds and papigeric paper. She was spoiled and did not fly. With the help of a pantograph, I increased its size several times, so that the wingspan became near the arshin.

My hawk painted with ink flew perfectly. You could even attach small goods to it. The thread was not visible, and the toy was often mistaken for a living bird. The illusion was especially great when I twitched the thread. Then the wings hesitated, and it was very similar to a flying bird. Many times I noticed how large white birds like her troops flew up a certain distance to the toy, and then, disappointed, turned and flew away.

Children and adults in the crowd went to see how I launched my hawk on our Molchanovskaya street. The movement of the crowd even concerned the quarterly. He was curious where the people were running. Then they saw a star from the local boulevard and argued: what is it: Venus or Elarle-Teacher lets his bird with fire? They even fought about the lay. I was already not healthy then and completely forgot how to run.

But this fun made me move, and I noticed that I had recovered and again acquired this children's ability. There were no borders to the fantasies of Tsiolkovsky. Who, besides him, would have thought of planting in a cockroach tied to the air snake! And for what? The provincial center had more opportunities for both scientific work and for pedagogical activity.

The Kaluga district school, opened in the year, was located on Voskresenskaya Street, on the ground floor of the old two -story stone building, where the almshouse was previously located. The school was three -year, by the time of the arrival of Tsiolkovsky, boys were trained here. In the spring of the year, Konstantin Eduardovich was offered to conduct mathematics lessons at the Kaluga Kazakh Real School, which was near the district school, in Voskresensky Lane.

In the year in the real school there were six basic classes and one additional. After graduating from the 7th grade, boys had the right to enter the Higher Technical School. About twenty years - from for year - Konstantin Eduardovich worked at the Kaluga Diocesan Women's School, whose four -story building was located on Epiphany Street. Since the year, a canvas factory was located here, and the school was open only in m, when the time of sailing ships left.

Tsiolkovsky taught mathematics and physics, although he had no right to do so, as he was a teacher of county schools. However, for great pedagogical merits unofficially, on the rights of the incoming teacher, he was nevertheless hired. Here, I often amused them with experiments. For example, he proposed to take out a silver ruble from a pelvis with water. Many tried, but no one at last, the cool teacher wanted to distinguish her, but the Mongolfier always showed to pull out a coin in the fifth grade.

He flew along the class on the thread, and I allowed those who wanted to keep this thread. A large flying ball, especially with a light doll, produced universal revival and joy. The pedagogical work of the scientist at the Diocesan School was awarded awards: in the year he received the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree, in -m-the Order of St. Anna of the 3rd degree. The third award-the Order of St.

Stanislav of the 2nd degree to the teacher Tsiolkovsky was not given out due to chaos in severe wartime.